vision, performed the functions of King's Commissary; Count Grundler, Mareschalde-Camp, those of Judge Advocate; and M. Bondin, those of Greffier.

The opening of the trial was attended by vast numbers, both French and foreigners. Among the latter were Prince Augustus of Prussia, Prince Metternich, Lord and Lady Castlereagh, and many other persons of rank and distinction. As the proceedings were of a preliminary nature, consisting of the admissions of the prisoner, and the depositions on record of a variety of witnesses, Ney himself was not brought into court during the first day, nor in the early part of the second. As far as can be judged by the evidence hitherto published, there appears no reason to doubt that the treason of Ney will be proved. The proclamation which he issued at Lons le Saulnier, and which he does not disavow, is a strong demonstration of his guilt. With respect to his secret treachery previous to that period, of which he has been often accused, the proofs are by no means equally clear. According to some witnesses, several of his expressions after Bonaparte had entered Paris, clearly indicate a participation in the treason of those who conspired for the return of the usurper, but the weight of testimony seems rather to incline the other way. It appears, that Ney was entirely ignorant, on the 7th of March, of the landing of Bonaparte, or feigned to be so, tho' the account had appeared in the official journal. On the 9th he received instructions from the minister at war; and before he proceeded to his destination, he waited on the King. In the interrogatory he underwent, soon after his arrest, in the presence of the prefect of police, he confessed that he used to the King expressions, "that Bonaparte, should he be taken, would deserve to be conducted in an iron cage to Paris;" and, after some equivocation, he also acknowledged that he had kissed the King's hand. Ney himself maintained, that he was totally ignorant of the conspiracy, and that, after assuming the command of the troops, he remained for several days faithful to the King. The evidence as we have mentioned, partly corroborated this statement; but his subsequent conduct destroyed any claim he might have, from this circumstance, to indulgence. Two officers

declared, that at the end of March, Marshal Ney being at Conue, caused several officers to come to him, and said, that if they had seen him with the King to caress him, it was only to deceive him the better-that he was attached for life to Bonaparte.-As a proclamation was published in his name, soon after he joined the standard of the

usurper, beginning with the words, "the cause of the Bourbons is lost for ever,"Ney states in his defence, that this proclamation was written by Bonaparte, and had appeared, in Switzerland, before he had seen it himself; that it was a customary manœuvre of the ex-emperor to forge letters and other documents, bearing the names of his generals, and to publish them without asking their consent. He also maintained, that it was the conduct of his troops that hurried him along to defection; and that he deserted the royal cause, merely to prevent a civil war-that Bonaparte had transmitted to him the strongest assurances, that Austria was his ally, and that England favoured his designs.

On the 11th, the proceedings in the trial took a new and unexpected turn. The ' council declared itself incompetent to proceed further in the business, the marshal being entitled by the constitutional charter to a trial before the chamber of peers. In consequence of this decision, the King sent the same day an ordonnance to the house of peers, requiring them to proceed, without delay, to the "trial of Marshal Ney, accused of high treason." It is evident that the decision of the council of war has given the greatest offence to the government. The Duke de Richelieu, the principal minister of the King, in addressing the peers on this occasion, says, "the ministers of the King are compelled to observe, that this decision of the council of war is become a triumph for the factious." Marshal Ney is not only denounced in the name of the King and of the French people, but the Duke de Richelieu states, that he is also come "in the name of Europe, to require and demand of them to judge the accused general," and that "the chamber of peers owes to the world a conspicuous reparation, it ought to be prompt, for it is essential to repress the indignation raised and rising on all sides."

ITALY.

ARREST AND EXECUTION OF THE LATE

KING, MURAT.

This celebrated military Chief has been arrested in a mad attempt to recover his dignity in Italy, and almost immediately' put to death, along with several of his followers. It appears, that after the wreck of Bonaparte's fortunes in the battle of Waterloo, in which conflict Murat commanded the French cavalry, the latter fled into Corsica, where he remained some time in concealment; till, seemingly urged by desperation, he collected a small band of followers, and sailed from Ajaccio in six vessels, which

were

were so on separated by a storm. Two of the vessels, on board of which were the exKing, and about 30 others, including Lieutenant-General Francechetti, and Marshal Natali, landed on the 8th on the coast of Calabria Ulterior, near the village of Pizzo, to which they quietly proceeded, and attempted to raise the people; Murat crying out to them," I am your King, Joachim Murat; you ought to acknowledge me." The peasantry however took up arms against him, and the party fled to the mountains, from whence they attempted, finding themselves surrounded, to open a way again to the coast, but were speedily made prisoners, and carried to Pizzo, where a military commission condemned Murat to death, and the sentence was immediately carried into execution on the 15th.

An article, dated Naples, October 20, says "Murat landed lately on the coast of Calabria, with 30 officers, mostly Corsicans; he was immediately seized and confined; on the 13th of October, at five in the evening, he was summoned before a Court-Martial, and at six was shot; six balls entered his head. He affected a great degree of fortitude, but on approaching the fatal scene, his firmness began to waver, and he said to the officers around, that they ought to await the decision of the allied powers; however, finding all lost, his vanity came to his as sistance, and asking those around him whether they thought he was afraid to die, and refusing to have his eyes covered, gave himself the word fire, which was instantly executed, and he expired without a groan.'

Private letters from Naples give further details respecting the death of Murat. He was not the only one condemned; 29 of his accomplices were shot with him. At the execution no regard was paid to the rank of the prisoners; they were shot according to the alphabetic order of their names, and Murat was the seventh. The execution lasted half an hour.

A German paper mentions, that when Murat's wife heard of his fate, she bore it with great firmness; saying that she had advised him strongly against making war upon Austria. Our readers know that Murat was married to one of Bonaparte's sisters; and it has been mentioned, that so long as he was guided by her counsels, his affairs prospered; and that it was in decided opposition to her intreaties that he took part with her brother on his return from Elba to France last year.

It is stated in a letter from Vienna, October 4th, that a plan is now in hand, and great pains are employed to perfect it, to effect a union of all the States of Italy, at a Congress at Milan; the Emperor of Austria is to be the head of the union, and to

take the title of King of Italy.-The Kings and princes of Italy will repair in person to Milan, in order to complete this great work. It is probable they will not meet till the spring, and the coronation of the Emperor Francis be deferred till that time. The numerous Italian emigrants who have been living for some years in the Austrian States, have now for the most part returned to their own country.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.

The insubordination of the seamen at Shields, from which at one time fatal consequences were apprehended, was, we are happy to say, subdued without loss of lives on the 21st ult. On that day Major-General Riall, with the 5th regiment of dragoon guards, aided by the marines of the ships of war in the Tyne, and an immense number of special constables, succeeded in dispersing the rioters, and relieving the vessels in the river from the embargo to which they had been so long subjected. The first thing done was to secure the boats used by the seamen, which was effected by the marines either cutting them to pieces, scuttling, or sending them down the Tyne. All shops were then ordered to be shut in (noon-day), and the peaceable to keep in their houses. All communication between the seamen in North and South Shields was cut off. The dragoons, headed by the special constables, many of the latter on horseback, now pro ceeded to disperse the various groupes of seamen and women, and to scour the streets and squares, which was done in less than half an hour; the same taking place at South Shields. The papers of the committee were seized, and the committee-men had a narrow escape. Above thirty of the ring. leaders were committed to jail, and others bound over to keep the peace, and to ap pear at the next quarter sessions.

IRELAND.

By the vigorous measures of Government, the spirit of disaffection which has of late appeared in Ireland, has been hitherto prevented from showing itself in any regular attempt to subvert the government of the country; although nightly outrages and depredations continue to be committed by hordes of desperadoes; many of whom have been apprehended and brought before special commissions, appointed in the disturbed counties, where some have been condemned to banishment, and others to capital punishment. We trust that these measures will quiet Ireland, and convince the deluded rioters, that their efforts to disturb the peace of the kingdom can only involve themselves in destruction.

SCOT

ON the 19th of October, Mr Sadler, jun.

ascended in a balloon from Glasgow, but under very unfavourable circumstances in respect of weather. The forenoon lowered very much, and about twelve o'clock it began to rain, and continued to do so with more or less violence till after the ascension had taken place. At 12 o'clock the process of filling commenced, and it was completed before two; the company being entertained in the mean time by the band of the 71st regiment. About half-past two, the balloon, which had been filled immediately behind the, Grammar School, was removed to a higher part of the ground, and Mr Sadler took his seat with the most perfect self possession and intrepidity. At twenty. five minutes to three the balloon was loosed, and slowly ascended, amidst the acclamations of all the spectators, Mr Sadler gracefully bowing and waving his flag. In consequence of the wetness of the day, the balloon did not rise high, and consequently the spectators enjoyed the sight of it longer; those on the adjacent hills having seen it for sixteen minutes, which was nearly the half duration of its flight, Mr Sadler having descended in thirty-five minutes, at Milngavie, seven miles and a half distant from that city, in a northerly direction.

An immense number of spectators, assembled from all quarters, filled the adjacent streets and house-tops, and all the hills in the neighbourhood. No accident of any kind happened, as far as we have heard.

On Friday the 3d of November the same gentleman ascended from Edinburgh.--Shortly after ten o'clock, a gun from the Castle announced that it was Mr Sadler's intention to ascend in his balloon from the College Square. Two other guns were fired from the same place, at twelve and at one o'clock, to inform the public that preparations for inflating the balloon had commenced. After very anxious expectation by the numerous spectators, the balloon rose in fine style, at about five minutes before three o'clock; and taking an easterly direc tion, went over Salisbury Craigs, towards the sea at Portobello. Shortly after his as cension, it was evident Mr Sadler was preparing to descend; which he at first attempted on the farm of Northfield; but he reascended, and passing some enclosures,

descended safely in a field not far from the sea, between the great post-road and the Fishwives Causeway. The whole ascension did not occupy more than seven minutes. The balloon was followed by a number of idle persons and boys, who did considerable mischief to the passengers on the publie road, by pelting them with stones, potatoes, &c.; by which, we are sorry to learn, seve ral people were much hurt. The forenoon was very fine; but it turned rather gloomy towards afternoon; and the wind blew pretty fresh from W.N.W. The spectators were numerous beyond any thing we ever witnessed here. Every elevation in the vicinity of Edinburgh was covered with people; and the appearance of Arthur's Seat, Salisbury Craigs, the Caltonhill, Nelson's Monument, Castlehill, the steeples, &c. was truly grand and picturesque. Many were placed in situations, on tops of houses and chimnies, that was very alarming, but we have heard of no accident. The spectators considerably exceeded one hundred thousand.

The Musical Festival took place at Edinburgh on the 31st of October.-It was extremely well attended, and the Directors deserve every praise for the manner in which every thing was conducted, and no accident of any kind happened.-An account of the performances is given in a previous part of this number.

On Sunday the 15th of October the fol lowing melancholy accident happened off Woolwich :-The Pilot, Captain Sanderson, sailed for Leith from Millar's Wharf, Lon. don, on Sunday forenoon. Several ladies, and gentlemen went down in the vessel to see their friends off. Captain Andrew Davidson, formerly of the Prompt, Leith smack, went into a boat from the shore to assist a Mrs Cummins into the boat; the boat upset, and both were drowned, altho every exertion was made by Captain Sanderson and the crew of the smack to save them the boatman saved himself by getting hold of the vessel's chains. What ren ders this accident particularly distressing is, that the lady's husband (Captain Cummins of the army) was on board the vessel, and could render no assistance.

We have to regret another melar choly accident, which happened at Quarff, near Ler

Lerwick, on the night of the 13th October. Some men having discovered a mall piece of wood in the evening, a father and his three only sons, who were young men, and one of them married, together with another man, the factor at that place, being five in all, launched a small boat, about half past ten o'clock, in order to obtain the wood; but, owing to the high running sea, the boat was overset, and the whole of them perished in the attempt, as no assistance could be given them. They have left three widows and eight children to deplore their irreparable loss.

The very melancholy accidents which have occurred within these few months, by the firing of the Newcastle coal mines, must be fresh in the recollection of all our readers. Although the cause and consequences of the accumulation of the dangerous vapour are so well known among the workmen, even the experience of its fatal effects cannot overcome that habitual negligence, which has occasioned the death of so many hundreds of human beings. It must be gratifying to the public, therefore, to know that Sir Humphrey Davy has been so fortunate as to discover a means, both simple and efficacious, by which these destructive explosions will in future be avoided. His experiments have already been submitted to several individuals in London, and, we believe, his detailed account, with the reasoning on which his experiments are founded, will be submitted to the Royal Society.

About the beginning of October, a combination took place, among the seamen in the ports of Sunderland, Shields, and Newcastle, and also extended to Hull, Berwick, and other ports, by which much inconvenience arose, the rioters preventing vessels from sailing. It was not got under for several weeks; nor until a large military and naval force was collected at Sunderland and Shields, and a proclamation issued by government, containing an offer of one hundred guineas reward for discovery of the ringleaders. We are happy to say, that although much mischief ensued from the stopping of the sailing of the ships (nearly 700 sail being at one time detained), no person was materially hurt, and the business was at length amicably settled.

CAING WHALES.-A letter from Lerwick says There was driven on shore at Sandhouse, in Sandsting parish, 218 whales, on Monday 9th October, and 132 on Wednesday 11th; in all 350, which will average as many barrels of oil."

We understand that a specimen of that great monster of the deep, called the seahorse, or walrus, has lately reached the muscum of our University. We understand

On the 25th of October, at the monthly meeting of the Presbytery of Edinburgh, Dr Campbell reported to the meeting, that the Directors of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, had, at an extraordinary meeting, nominated the Rev. Mr John Munro, missionary minister at Dirlot, Caithness-shire, to the office of minister of the New Gaelic Chapel, Horse Wynd, which nomination had been unanimously approved of by the congregation; that he had intimated the appointment in a letter to Mr Munro; but not having received that gentleman's answer, his induction to office must be deferred. Dr Campbell also presented the draft of a bond for the regular payment of Mr Munro's stipend, £.150, and on giving up the papers relative to the business of the Chapel, he returned thanks in the name of the deacons and congregation to the members of the Presbytery, and in particular to their Moderator, Dr Ingles, for the great interest they had taken in the concern of the chapel from its commencement. The Presbytery approved of all the proceedings, and authorized the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge to supply the chapel with preachers, till such time as Mr Munro is inducted.

At a numerous and respectable meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of Edinburgh, on the 6th of November, many of the members expressed their determination, in future, to refer any mercantile differences which might take place among them, to the artitration of the Chamber, in order to avoid the expence of law suits in the Court of Session, now rendered so enormous by the late increase on the stamp duties.

The Right Hon. the Lord Provost and Magistrates lately conferred the freedom of the city of Edinburgh on Dr James Gregory, Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh, as a mark of respect to his great medical abilities and distinguished character.

Lieut. Col. Sir James Douglas, K. C. B. on half pay, is appointed Depute Quartermaster General to the forces in North Britain, vice Sir William De Lancey, deceased.

Archibald Campbell, Esq. of Blytheswood, has been elected Dean of Faculty of the University of Glasgow.

The

The University of Glasgow conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws on the Rev. Daniel Dewar, Professor Elect of Moral Philosophy in the King's College, Aberdeen.

The Senate of Glasgow University has conferred the degree of Doctor in Theology on the Rev. James Begg, Minister of New Monkland, and on the Rev. John Brown, Minister of Langton.

His Grace the Duke of Argyle has been pleased to present Mr Donald Kelly, preacher of the gospel at Campbeltown, to the church and parish of Southend, in the Presbytery of Kintyre, vacant by the death of the Rev. Mr John M'Keich.

Mr and Mrs Dunbar Brodie, of Burgie and Lethan, have presented the Rev. George M'Kay to the church and parish of Rafford, in the Presbytery of Forres, vacant by the death of the Rev. William Stephen.

APPOINTMENTS.

[From the London Gazette.] Foreign Office-October 12, 1815.

The Prince Regent this day appointed George Jackson, Esq. to be his Majesty's Secretary of Embassy at the Court of Russia.

Whitehall, Oct. 31.

The Prince Regent granted the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Hon. Lieut. Gen. Rowland Baron Hill, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, and the heirs-male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title, of Baron Hill, of Almaraz, and of Hawkstone and Hardwicke, in the county of Salop, and in default of such issue, to the heirs-male lawfully begotten of his late brother John Hill of Hawkstone, in the said county of Salop, Esq. deceased.

Louis Duncan Casamajor, Esq. appointed to be his Majesty's Secretary of Embassy to the Court of St Petersburgh. Whitehall, Nov. 4.

The Prince Regent appointed John C. Colquhoun, Esq. advocate, to be Sheriff-Depute of the shire of Dumbarton, in the room of James Glassford, Esq. resigned.

- Sir Hector Mackenzie, Bart. to be his Majesty's Lieutenant and Sheriff Principal of the shire of Ross.

- Dr Duncan Macfarlane to be one of his Majesty's Chaplains in Ordinary in Scotland.

The following officers have been appoint ed Knights of the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa, for their services last Campaign :

To be Commanders of the Order of Maria Theresa,-Lieut.-Gen. the Marquis of Anglesey, G.C.B. Lieut. Gen. Lord Hill, G.C.B.

To be Knights of the Order of Maria The resa, Lieut. Gen. Sir Henry Clinton. G.C.B. Maj. Gen. Sir James Kempt, G.C.B. Maj.Gen. Sir John Byng, K.C.B. Maj. Gen. Sir Frederick Adam, K. C. B. Maj. Gen. Sir

Denis Pack, K.C.B. Maj. Gen. Sir Hussey Vivian. Maj. Gen. Sir Edward Barnes, K.C.B. Maj. Gen. Lord Edward Somerset, K.C.B. Col. Sir John Elley, K.C.B. royal horse guards. Col. Thomas Reynell, 71st regiment. Col. Sir Andrew Barnard, K.C.B. 95th regiment. Col. the Hon. Alexander Abercromby, Coldstream guards. Col. Sir George Wood, royal artillery. Col. Sir Colin Campbell, Coldstream guards. Col. Sir John Colborne, K.C.B. 52d reg. Col. Alexander Woodford, Coldstream guards. Col. the Hon. Frederic Ponsonby, 12th light dragoons. Col. Felton B. Hervey, 14th light dragoons. Col. Carmichael Smith, Royal Engineers. Lieut. Col. James M'Donnell, Coldstream guards. Lieut. Col. Sir Robert Hill, Knight, Royal horse guards. Lieut. Col. Lord Fitzroy Somerset, K.C.B. 1st guards. Lieut. Col. Robert Dick, 42d reg. Leut. Col. Neil Douglas, 79th reg. Lieut. Col. Lord Saltoun, 1st guards.

And the following officers have been appointed Knights of the under-mentioned Russian Orders.

Second Class St George.

Lieut. Gen. the Marquis of Anglesey, Lieut. Gen. Lord Hill.

Third Class St George.

Lieut. Gen. Sir H. Clinton, Major Gen. Cooke, Maj. Gen. Kempt.

Second Class St Wladimir. Maj. Gen. Sir O. Vandeleur, Maj. Gen. Sir J. Byng, Maj. Gen. Sir D. Pack.

Third Class St Wladimir.

Maj. Gen. Lord E. Somerset, Maj. Gen. Sir J. Lambert, Maj. Gen. Sir C. Grant, Maj. Gen. Maitland, Maj. Gen. Sir H. Vivian, Col. Mitchell.

Fourth Class St George.

Col. Sir J. Elley, Assistant Adjutant General, Col. Reynell, 71st regiment, Col. Sir. A. Barnard, 95th regiment, Col. Hon. A. Abercromby, Assistant Quarter Master General, Col. Sir C. Campbell, Assistant Quarter Master General, Col. Sir J. Colborne, 52d regiment, Col. Woodfoord, Coldstream

guards