will grow. The gardener is surprised to see apparently dry sticks, to which he has affixed labels to mark his seed, themselves sprouting into luxuriant vegetation. I do not know how to describe to you the luxuriance of growth which the garden exhibit All which grows in England grows here; added to which tobacco thrives well. All English fruits and vegetation much finer than in England-the apple, pear, gooseberry, raspberry, currant, green gage. We are deficient in the peach and plum, not having a good stock; nor do I think they will succeed as standards-the only mode in which they have been yet tried. Grapes grow luxuriantly, but they are not of a good sort-nectarines remarkably fine. We have not the apricot-the white currant is rare-we have no nuts-the birth of a hazel-nut tree I witnessed a few days ago, and in the same garden was a walnut tree, whose rapidity of growth can be hardly believed.

"Having said thus much of the natural fertility of the soil, and of its capability for artificial production, I will consider what are our present exports, and on what exports we may reasonably calculate shortly to arise; under which head, as the future staple exports of the colony, we shall have principally to consider wool.

"First, of wheat ;-The price obtained for wheat, until the present year, has been from eight to ten shillings per Winchester bushel, (the bushel of wheat of Van Diemen's Land, weighs from 58 to 62lbs,) an extravagant price; and far beyond what the grower has, in this stage of the colony, a right to expect. This year it has been from 7s. 6d. to 8s.-a price amply sufficient to compensate the farmer. am sorry that I cannot, at this moment, state the actual number of bush els of wheat grown, consumed, and exported. Last year from twelve to fif

teen thousand bushels were shipped to the Cape, but that market had been previously supplied from England. It was sold, however, at a fair price. At least thirty thousand bushels were ex. ported to Sydney, which place has been hitherto our principal market, and on which we may still continue to depend. The population of Sydney is now rapidly increasing; and it will always be cheaper for them to buy our wheat, imported by water conveyance, than their own, drawn from the inte rior of the country, by land carriage. Besides, our wheat is so superior in weight, and yields so much more flour and of better quality, that it would always command a preference. In fact, our wheat is worth more for its flour, in the proportion of one-seventh, than the Sydney grain. The Isle of France and South America would take much of our wheat in the shape of flour, which we shall soon be able to supply. We want mills. A large quantity of wheat will be consumed in distillation, now about to be carried on to some extent. This will operate indirectly as an export ; inasmuch as it will prevent that money from going out of the colony, which is at present paid for spirits. The same with respect to wine.-At the Cape we may always barter our wheat advantageously for their wines, and often for European goods.

All the barley grown within the next five years will be wanted for home consumption. There are at present several breweries, one on a considerable scale. Hitherto wheat has been used for malt, barley not having been grown in sufficient quantity. The distillers also will prefer it to wheat, whenever it becomes sufficiently abundant to be cheaper for the purpose of distillation. Sydney also, whose climate is too warm for its profitable production, will al

ways

s demand a certain quantity, either in the shape of grain, or malt liquors.

"But it is not on the profits of a tillage farm that a capitalist should calculate; the growth of grain will always be conducted by practical labouring farmers, who have little personal expense, who can carry on a farm most economically by their personal superintendence, and by themselves leading their animated machines to their daily work. The most profitable investment of capital is in sheep.

"There is no breed of sheep in England to which the common sheep of this country can be compared. They were originally brought from the Cape, and crossed by the Spanish ram. The result of this has been, an animal resembling a south-down more than any other sheep, with long legs, and rather spare fore-quarters, and the wool of very inferior quality. So great has been the demand for meat the last three years, that little attention has been paid, by most people, to the wool. That article, now so valuable, was usually allowed to remain in the yard where it was cut off, until the accumulation of wool, from repeated shearings, rendered it necessary to clear it out; whence it was transferred to the land immediately adjacent, and there lying scattered about, was considered

a nuisance.

"The average price, or rather the lowest price of sheep, taking a lot of ewes and wedders, not less than a year old, is twenty shillings per head. Some wedders the settlers want for present consumption; their cost, therefore, is not to be included among the per contras of the profits on sheep. That expense will be considered when I come to speak of the expenses of first establishment: let us suppose, then, a settler, on arriving in December, 1823, purchases 1000 ewes, for which, taking so large a number, he will not pay more than 20s. per head.-The account in June 1825 will stand thus

"Land, in good situations, is now becoming so rapidly located, that in three or four years, we shall have to explore new parts of the island for the establishment of emigrants. It is for this reason, among many others, that I would earnestly urge all those who have an intention to remove to this colony, to lose no time in making up their minds, and in carrying their intentions into effect. The locality of land is daily increasing in value. Land in the interior, which five years ago would have hardly been accepted as a gift, is now become valuable property. There are still tracts of land sufficient for hundreds of thousands of emigrants, of beautiful fertile country; but these are out of the common roads, and at a greater distance from markets. Markets for grain, however, is not an object with men of capital who can command the breeding of sheep, and the improvement of wool, on a large scale. Sheep carry themselves to market. There are numerous parts of the coast with sufficient harbour, yet unappropriated ; but settlement on these require a larger capital than emigrants in general possess. The eastern part of the coast I should recommend to the attention of the emigrants; situated midway between the Derwent and Port Dalrymple, and more convenient to Sydney. People in general have not stretched their views beyond the beaten track; where one settles, another sits down by his side,

too anxious to be settled to allow himself to choose; and indeed settlers for the most part, having only small means, are obliged immediately to put them in

action.

"Of the capital requisite for different classes of emigrants;-These classes we will divide into three-the mere labourer and the artificer-the ordinary emigrant-and those with families in England, whose property is daily diminishing from the change of times, and the different channels in which trade is confined in time of peace, from those in which it was used in time of war. Under this head will be comprehended, particularly, those who have followed the pursuit of commerce in maritime towns.

"With respect to the emigrant labourer and artificer, no other capital is requisite, beyond the cost of transportation, than his willingness and ability to work. Of the last class we shall speak presently. The second resolves itself into the question, " With how small a capital can a family remove to Van Diemen's Land, and there settle with decency?"-for being once settled, independence follows of course A family, with two thousand pounds of money in England, would have amply sufficient to settle comfortably and respectably at Van Diemen's Land. If several families were to unite in emigrating, the cost of their individual passage would be comparatively small. This mode of emigration I should strongly recommend; and if the principle were to be continued in this country, by taking their grants of land together, their means of settling would be found to go farther than in separate establishments. The economies of such an establishment, in one large, instead of many smaller families, are too obvious, and Robert Owen has made them too well known, to render it necessary for me to expatiate on them here.

"The cost of their passage-money

being set aside, I would advise a family so circumstanced, to buy all those articles of which they would stand in need here, and which they would other wise have to purchase at an enormous price; but on no account to speculate, however flattering it may appear, in any description of goods, but to bring out all their surplus capital in Spanish dollars. Their mode of operation in settling can be explained only on the spot.

"As there are many labourers and artificers in England scarcely able to obtain subsistence, who would be glad to find the opportunity of coming to this colony, it would be advisable that a rough house-carpenter be engaged, and bound for a certain term of years at moderate wages. These emigrants who can command sufficient capital, should bring out farming men and me chanics of all descriptions. Should the emigrant not have been used to farming operations, a man competent to usdertake the direction of a farm should be engaged, on the same terms; and the expenses of their passage will be amply repaid by their service in this country, where farming men are scarce, as well as artificers and mechanics.

"Of the last class of emigrants, I should advise them to proceed precise ly on the principles of the former. They would, of course, be able to pur chase articles which would enable them to carry on their settling operations with greater facility and rapidity, and to greater extent. They should bring with them two carpenters, a smith, two brick-makers, a stone-mason, farming labourers as many as they can afford, and domestic male and female servants.

"I do not think it worth while, in any case, to bring out live-stock for the sake of the breed. Sheep, whose wool is nearly as fine as can be imported, are to be obtained in these colonies cheaper than they can be brought from home. Our cattle are at least as fine; and

were proper care taken to prevent their breeding at too early an age, I think, would soon be superior. At present you see a calf sucking her mother, with her own calf (the calf's calf) by her

side. If there were an opportunity for transporting, cheaply, any animals, it should be a Saxon or Merino ram, of the finest wool and breed possible to be procured."

DR HENRY DEWAR.

THE death of Dr Dewar is one of those striking events which strongly affect the mind, and impress upon us a sense of our mortality. On Monday the 13th January he was present, in good health, at a meeting of the Royal Society, in the business of which he took a deep interest, and on Sunday the 19th January he breathed his last; his death being occasioned by infection derived from a body which he had opened in the course of his medical practice. On succeeding to the estate of Lassodie, Dr Dewar directed his attention to medicine, cultivated a knowledge of it with success, and served as an assistant-surgeon in the British army in Egypt, under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby. He was present at the battle of Álexandria, in which Sir Ralph was mortally wounded. On his return to England, he dedicated himself with increased ardour to the study of those branches of literature and

science particularly connected with his profession; and his Essays on a variety of interesting topics, which have appeared in the medical and philosophical journals of the last twenty years, evince the extent of his acquirements, the soundness of his views, and the unceasing ardour with which be pursued every inquiry that promised to add to the happiness or alleviate the miseries of mankind. Death arrested him in the midst of an active and highly useful life. He was engaged in deli vering a course of lectures on the Insti tutions of Medicine, a branch of science which he had cultivated with particu lar assiduity, and which he taught with corresponding success. He contributed several valuable articles to the Edinburgh Encyclopædia, to the Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica

to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh-and, latterly, he had bestowed a great portion of his leisure hours in preparing an English translation of Malte Brun's System of