the Pearl frigate of 32 guns, and served under Lord Howe in America. In 1780, he again represented his native county, and was one of the independent members who met at the St Alban's Tavern, with a view of reconciling Mr Pitt with Mr Fox and the Duke of Portland, the latter being at that period in opposition, and by an union of parties forming a "broadbottomed administration."

During the colonial war, Captain Elphinstone served in America, and was present at the attack of MudIsland and Charlestown, at which time he had the Perseus frigate. He commanded in 1781 the Warwick of 74 guns, and captured the Rotterdam, a Dutch ship of war of the same strength. In 1782 he captured the French frigate L'Aigle of 40 guns.

The termination of the war in 1783 threw him out of employ, and he remained so for ten years.

In 1786, he was chosen Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire; and, April 9, 1787, married Jane, daugh. ter and sole heiress of William Mercer, Esq. of Aldie, in the county of Perth; who died December 12, 1789, leaving an only daughter, MargaretMercer Elphinstone, on whom, and the heirs-male of her body, the English and Irish baronies are settled in remainder. She was married, June 13, 1817, to Count Flahault.

On the commencement of the French war in 1793, Captain Elphinstone was appointed to the Robuste of 74 guns, and having been placed under the command of Lord Hood, sailed with him to the Mediterranean. On Admiral St Julian refusing the terms of the English, the French were accordingly forced to yield; and on August 28, 1793, the English obtained possession of Toulon, of which Rear-Admiral Goodall was declared governor, &c. But as it became necessary to take possession of the forts which com

manded the ships in the road before the fleet could enter, 1500 men were previously landed under Captain Elphinstone, who, after effecting this service, was ordered to assume the command of the whole, as governor of Fort Malgue.

A few days after their arrival, General Carteaux, at the head of a detachment of the Republican army, which had lately taken possession of Marseilles, and routed the troops raised by the associated departments, appeared on the heights near Toulon. As he was only accompanied by an advanced guard of 750 men, and 10 pieces of cannon, the governor of Fort Malgue placed himself at the head of 600 British and Spanish troops, with which he marched out, put the enemy to the rout, and seized their artillery, ammunition, and horses, together with two stands of colours, &c. &c.

On the 1st of October, the combined British, Spanish, and Neapolitan forces, under the command of Lord Mulgrave, Captain Elphinstone, and Rear-Admiral Gravina, also obtained

a

complete victory at the heights of Pharon over a detachment of the French army, consisting of nearly 2000 men; of whom about 1500 were either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, during their precipitate retreat. The loss on the side of the allies amounted to only eight killed, 72 wounded, two missing, and 48 taken prisoners.

When it was resolved that Toulon was no longer tenable, measures were accordingly adopted for the immediate evacuation of the town and arsenal, as well as for the destruction of the ships of war. In the evening of the 18th of December, the artillery, stores, and troops, to the number of 8000, in consequence of this, were embarked, together with several thousand of the French Royalists, without the loss of a single man. This important service

was conducted with singular success, under the judicious management of Captain Elphinstone, assisted by the Captains Hallowell and Matthews; and it was to their unremitting efforts that many of the inhabitants were indebted for an asylum.

Lord Hood, in his dispatch to government, says, "In the execution of this service, I have infinite pleasure in acknowledging my very great obligations to Captain Elphinstone for his unremitting zeal and exertion, who saw the last man off," &c.; and Lieutenant-General Dundas, in his official letter, says, "Captain Elphinstone, as Governor of Fort La Malgue, has ably afforded me the most essential assistance in his command and arrangement of the several important posts included in that district."

Having returned to England with a convoy in 1794, Captain Elphinstone was honoured with the order of the Bath, as a reward for his services. On the 11th of April, 1794, he was made Rear-Admiral of the Blue; and on the 4th of July, Rear-Admiral of the White, in which capacity he hoisted his flag.

January 1, 1795, Sir George Keith Elphinstone was appointed Vice-Admiral, and the same year was entrusted with an important expedition; and a squadron having been previously fitted out for him, he hoisted his flag as a Rear-Admiral of the White, on board the Monarch of 74 guns, and sailed from Spithead for the Cape of Good Hope, on the 2d April.

Having landed in July at Simon's Bay, he sent proposals to the Dutch governor to surrender the Cape to his Britannic Majesty's arms, which being refused, proper measures were taken by him, in conjunction with General A. Clarke, for reducing it by force, which he effected.

But the success of our admiral did

vian government resolved on making an attempt to regain possession of the settlement, and for that purpose a squadron of eight ships of war and a store-ship arrived off Saldanha Bay, early in August, 1796. Admiral El. phinstone was soon apprized of their approach, and prepared for battle; but with the humanity so natural to British officers, he sent a letter by a flag of truce to Admiral Lucas, the Dutch commander, requesting that, to spare the effusion of blood, he would surrender his squadron, which could have no chance of success in a contest with a British force superior to his own. The Dutch admiral yielded, and on the 17th of August surrendered his squadron, consisting of two ships of 66, one 54, one 40, one 28, one 26, one 18, and a store-ship. The cabinet was so well pleased with the conduct of Sir George on this occasion, that on March 7, 1797, he was created an Irish peer, by the title of Baron Keith of Stonehaven-Marischal.

In the month of May, of the same year, Lord Keith was sent to Sheerness, to superintend the naval prepa rations against the mutineers, who at that time unhappily had possession and command of several of his Majesty's ships at the Nore. Subordination having been restored, his lordship had for a short time a command in the Channel fleet.

In November, 1798, Admiral Lord Keith hoisted his flag on board the Foudroyant of 80 guns, and sailed for the Mediterranean, under the orders of the Earl of Vincent. On the 14th of February, 1799, he was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral of the Red.

During this summer, he was em ployed in pursuing the French feet, but without being able to bring them to action.

the port of La Valetta, to intercept any succours that might be attempted to be thrown in during the blockade. In order more completely to ensure success, he ordered Lord Nelson to cruize to windward with three sail of the line, while he himself remained with the flag-ship and a small squadron at the mouth of the harbour. This judicious arrangement produced the capture of Le Genereux of 74 guns, carrying the flag of Rear-Admiral Perrée, and having a number of troops on board for the relief of the place, together with a large storeship.

In March, Lord Keith proceeded to Genoa, in order to co-operate with the Austrians, who were at that time besieging it. He not only bombarded the city repeatedly, but carried off the principal galley in the port.

January 1, 1801, Lord Keith was promoted to be Admiral of the Blue, and he this year commanded in the Foudroyant the naval force employed against the French on the coast of Egypt; and on the surrender of the enemy's army there, his lordship was created, December 5, 1801, a peer of Great Britain (by the title of Baron Keith of Banheath, co. Dumbarton,) received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and was presented by the city of London with a sword of 100 guineas value. His services in Egypt were thus noticed in General (afterwards Lord) Hutchinson's dispatch

tions" that he was under to Lord Keith.

When hostilities recommenced with France in 1803, Lord Keith was ap pointed to the chief naval command at Plymouth.

In the beginning of October of that year, his lordship made an experiment on a small scale, with a new mode of attack on the gun-vessels in Boulogne, which, to a certain degree, succeeded, and without any loss being sustained on our part.

On the 9th of November, 1805, his lordship was raised to the rank of Admiral of the White; and on the 10th of January, 1808, his lordship married, secondly, Hester-Maria, eldest daughter and co-heir of Henry Thrale, Esq. of Streatham, co. Surrey, M.P. for Southwark, 1763 and 1775, by Mrs Piozzi, and by her had issue Georgiana-Augusta-Henrietta Elphinstone, born December 12, 1809.

In 1814, he was advanced to the dignity of Viscount Keith, in the peerage of the United Kingdom.

He was appointed to the command of the Channel fleet in February 1812. While in that station, it fell to his lot to superintend the embarkation of Napoleon Buonaparte for St Helena. In this most delicate service he was directed by the sure guides of good sense and right feeling, and performed it without offending the individual with whom he had to deal, and without compromising the honour of the nation whom he represented. He was about this time created a Viscount, and peace being restored, his command ceased. From that time he has lived in retirement, in the bosom of his family, and in the society of numerous friends. Latterly he has resided on his estate of Tulliallan, where he erected a mansion-house suited to his rank and fortune. There also he has expended large sums in works of

permanent utility, and has united with constant acts of voluntary bounty the encouragement of industrious pursuit and useful occupation, those sure sources of comfort to a surrounding population.

GENERAL DUmouriez,

March 14.-At Turville Park, near Henley-upon-Thames, in his 85th year, Charles-François-Duperier Dumouriez, an illustrious and eminent French general. He was born January 25, 1739, of parents not affluent, although noble. They were originally from Provence, and of the highest antiquity; and renowned for its long exercise of judiciary power, and for its striking attachment to literature. His father, the translator of "Richiardetto," was a man of great virtue and understanding, and bestowed on his son a very careful and extensive education. After his classical education, in which he had been very successful, he entered the army; where, at the age of 18, he became a soldier, and made his first campaign against the same Duke of Brunswick, whom, in 1792, he drove from the territory of France. He distinguished himself in several attacks, and was at last taken prisoner; but not till he was covered with nineteen serious wounds, and had lost his horse; five men had been disabled by him, when his arms were broken to pieces in his hands, and the loss of blood alone prevented a longer defence. The Duke of Brunswick, who was informed of his bravery, when he was brought before him, strongly expressed his kind admiration, and sent him back with a flattering letter to Marshal de Broglie, the general of the French army.

At the age of twenty-two he had advanced to the rank of captain; received the honour of being decorated

with the cross of St Louis, and had received twenty-two wounds.

On peace being made in 1763, he began his travels to study the languages and manners of different nations. The emigrants have said that at this time he was employed as a spy. by the French ministry. He travelled in Italy; and, tempted to decide the conquest between Corsica and France, after having sought to defend it against the Genoese, he returned to Paris, and afterwards went to Belgium, from whence he passed into Spain, with the intention of taking service there. He likewise visited Portugal, and published a work, entitled, " Essay on Portugal," after which he returned to Paris, 1767; where he was named aide maréchal-general of the army destined to invade Corsica, which France had bought from the Genoese; and having served with reputation in the two campaigns of 1768 and 1769, was raised

to the rank of colonel.

In 1770, the Duke de Choiseul appointed him minister to the confederates of Poland; and he commanded a body of men in that country during two campaigns, and conducted several very important negotiations with va rious success. As the measures of the confederates were ill-concerted, their revolution was unfortunate, and ended in the partition of Poland.

He was thrown into the bastille by the Duke d'Aiguillon, on an unjust suspicion; but on the accession of Louis XVI. was completely acquitted and set at liberty.

In 1778, he procured the office of commandant at Cherbourg to be revived and given to him. Being persuaded that Cherbourg was better calculated than any other place in the Channel for a national harbour, and being aided by the zeal, activity, and influence of the Duke d'Harcourt, governor of the province; he obtained a decision, in favour of Cherbourg, of a

question that had been agitated during an hundred years, concerning the preference to be given to Cherbourg or La Hogue, for the site of a naval port. From that time till 1789, he was occupied in superintending the works of Cherbourg; and, during that period, he was but three times at Paris. When he first arrived at Cherbourg, it contained no more than seven thousand three hundred inhabitants, and when he quitted that place it contained nearly twenty thousand inhabitants.

At the breaking out of the revolution, Dumouriez was its decided partizan; but from that moment he chose the place which he has always occupied, between the extreme parties of ultra and counter revolution.

He was reproached with having caused the war by his counsels; but he proved that the war was already inevitable, when he began his administration, and that indeed it might be said to have commenced. He acknowledged, however, that his opinion was decidedly for the declaration of war, as was also that of the king, who not only approved of his memorial to the National Assembly on that subject, (which was three days in his hands,) but made corrections in it, and himself composed the discourse he delivered to the Assembly on that occasion.

At the end of three months, find. ing himself embarrassed by the various factions, and being sincerely desirous to see the king's council possessing proper dignity, and his measures governed by constitutional principles, he changed the ministry, and obtained a promise that the king would sanction, two decrees which appeared expedient to his service. The king would not grant him his permission; the ministry was again changed by his order, and General Dumouriez took the war department. But, soon perceiving that the court had deceived him, he resolved not to be the instrument of their

intrigues. He predicted to the unhappy king and queen all the misfortunes in which they were involving themselves, and he gave in his resignation three days after being appointed minister of war.

Louis was two days before he would accept of his resignation, and he did not suffer him to depart without expressing the deepest regret.

One month had not elapsed after the departure of the minister for the army, before the king was insulted; and, at the end of the second month, he was a prisoner in the Temple!

The enemy entered France; the leaders of the Revolution revenged themselves on the unfortunate Louis. Dumouriez, as a citizen and a general, had only to repulse the enemy, in the expectation that their retreat would lessen the danger which surrounded the king. There was still reason to think, that the excesses of the revolutionists might be checked. Dumouriez refused to follow Lafayette's premature example, and he succeeded him in the command of the army of the north. He marched with a small army against the Prussians, and by the most expert manœuvres, arrested their march, took their strongest positions, and wrote to the Assembly, " Verdun is taken; I wait for the Prussians. The defiles of the Argonne are the Thermopyle of France; but I shall be happier than Leonidas." In truth, in a very few days the invaders had retreated.

The genius of Dumouriez changed in this campaign the destinies of France and of Europe.

His prudence had obtained him the victory almost without a combat, and Dumouriez flew to oppose other ene mies, and to display a very varied talent.

He was no longer the procras tinator; he was the impetuous Achilles he gave immediate battle, and on the plains of Jemappe, elevated the re