Japan; two from Wales; three from Turkey; and one from France.

As this " summary " for last year may be of interest to our readers we will quote from it with a little more particularitygiving, however, only the totals.

It will be seen that 490 students are put down as coming from Connecticut, of which a very considerable number appear on the catalogue as coming from New Haven. But of these last it should be stated-what is probably true of similar institutions all over the country--that many have come from other States and are only residing temporarily in New Haven-perhaps with their parents-while engaged here in their studies.

Another significant circumstance illustrating the "national" character of the University is that the professors and instructors have been selected from a wide range of other Universities and institutions of learning. There has long been in the Corporation a disposition to manifest the widest liberality in this respect. Among the 143 Professors and Instructors in the different Faculties of the University, more than a dozen other colleges have furnished, from among their graduates, the men who fill to-day the chairs of instruction in Yale. A very large proportion of the Professors and Instructors, also, have come from other States;-the number that have been furnished for many years past by the State of New York is especially noticeable.

The same liberality has been shown in the selection of these instructors from all religious denominations. Naturally much the largest number are Congregationalists, or, at least, are attendants upon the religious services at the University Chapel, but no

inconsiderable proportion of these have at one time or another been connected with the Presbyterian Church, and probably some of them still retain their connection with it. The present writer has not thought it necessary to make any careful canvass, but, to his personal knowledge, there are at least a dozen Episcopalians-and there are probably more. There are representatives from the Baptist and the Methodist denominations; from the Roman Catholic Church; and perhaps even from other Churches.

The same thing is true of the students themselves. They come from families belonging to all the various religious denominations. We have heard it said that the Episcopal students in New Haven probably number twice the entire body of students in any one of the Episcopal denominational colleges. There are large numbers of Baptists and of Methodists. A flourishing "club" of Roman Catholics has recently been formed, with thirty-eight members-as we have seen it stated. The "Berkeley Club," consisting of Epis copalians, is an old and well-known, as well as large and active Club. In fact, we have understood that all the various denominations of Christians are satisfied that the religious advantages that are provided for the students who come from their churches-under the care and oversight of their own clergymen who are pastors in New Haven-are as great as if the young men were in some college of their own denomination.

It is hardly necessary to speak of the large Clubs in the University which are made up of students who have come from the principal preparatory schools of the country, such as the "Phillips Academy Club," of Andover, Mass.; and the "St. Paul's School Club," of Concord, New Hampshire; and the "Exeter Club." There are, also, flourishing "Clubs" of students from individual States, as the "California Club," and Clubs from the various cities, as the "New York City Club," and the "Chicago Club.” There is also a "Southern Club" which has taken the place of the old and famous "Calliopean Society," and like it is composed of students from the Southern States. There is, besides, a ian Island Club" composed of natives of those Islands.

Hawai

We do not mean to intimate that some of these things which we have mentioned as characteristic of Yale may not be also, to some extent, characteristic of other Universities and Colleges. But we believe it is generally understood that there is no other institution in the country where these characteristics are all to be found-both individually and in combination-to the extent in

which they are in New Haven;-and this was so at least a hundred years ago. We turn to the oldest catalogue which happens to be within our reach-the catalogue of fifty years ago (18391840), and we find every State-which was at that time in the Union-represented, with the exception of Indiana and Arkansas. There were students also from both Upper and Lower Canada, the West India Islands, Greece, Ireland, and there were four from Brazil. We take at random the Freshman class of that same year -which we have every reason to believe to be a fair sample of the other classes-and we find that nearly every Southern State was represented in that one class, and from Louisiana alone there were five students.* By tradition, we have heard of the famous class of 1804, of which John C. Calhoun and Christopher E. Gadsden, of Charleston, South Carolina, and Benjamin F. and John P. Hampton, of Georgia, were members;-and of the scarcely less famous class of 1806, in which, among others, James Gadeden, of Charleston, and Alfred Hennen, of New Orleans, were conspicuous, then as in after years, with their friend Thomas S. Grimké. The Hon. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, said many years ago to a member of the House of Representatives from Connecticut, that he had seen the time, when he was himself in the House, when the graduates of Yale College together with the native-born citizens of Connecticut "wanted only five of being a majority of that body." In 1832, when the

* Since the above was in type, we have looked at a Harvard catalogue of the same year-1839-1840-and find that the homes of more than two-fifths of all the students in the four undergraduate classes were almost within sight of the dome of the State House in Boston. The total number of all the students, in these four classes, who came from outside of New England, was 29;-Freshmen, 5; Sophomores, 11; Juniors, 8; Seniors 5. Referring again to the Yale catalogue, it appears that in the Freshman class of which we have spoken, which was no more than an average class, the number of students in that single class, from outside of New England, was 62—more than double the total in all the Harvard four classes; and, in addition, there were, in that single class in Yale, eleven students from Massachusetts itself.

In this connection, and by way of illustration, perhaps we may be pardoned for quoting from a speech which was made many years ago in Paris by M. de Tocqueville.

"A number of years ago, says a writer in the Democratic Age, happening to be in Paris on the 4th of July, with many other Americans, we agreed to celebrate the day' by a dinner at the Hotel Meurice. There were seventy-two of us in all. We had but one guest. This was M. de Tocqueville, who had then rendered himself famous by his great

first "fund" was raised by the graduates of Yale for their alma mater, the "alumni of South Carolina" were prominent in their liberality. They sent a special contribution.

Yale has also for a century been known as the "Mother of colleges." From a table of statistics published in this Review in April, 1865, it appeared that while five of the presidents of other New England colleges had been graduated at Harvard, eleven had been graduated at Yale. Yale had furnished also at that time twenty-two presidents to colleges out of New England.

It is for reasons such as these that Yale gained long ago the title of the "National University," which she still maintains. Not only the number of students who come from distant parts of the Union is every year increasing, but both the number and the ratio of students from other States outside of Connecticut are becoming larger. In particular, the percentage of students from the State of New York is much larger than it was a few years ago. work upon Democracy in America. During the festivities of the evening, after the cloth had been removed, and speechifying had commenced, some gentleman alluded en passant to the fact that he was born in Connecticut.

“Connect-de-coot,' exclaimed Monsieur de Tocqueville, as he suddenly rose with the enthusiasm of a Frenchman. Vy messieurs, I vill tell you, vid the permission of de presidante of this festival, von very leetal story, and then I vill give you von grand sentiment, to dat little State you call Connect-de-coot. Von day ven I was in de gallery of the House of Representatif, I held one map of the Confederation in my hand. Dere was von leetle yellow spot dat dey call Connect-de-coot. I found by the Constitution, he was entitled to six of his boys to represent him on dat floor. But ven I make de acquaintance personelle with de member, I find dat more than tirty of the Representatif on dat floor was born in Connect-de-coot. And then ven I was in the gallery of the House of the Senat, I find de Constitution permit Connect-de-coot to send two of his boys to represent him in dat Legislature. But once more ven I make de acquaintance personelle of the Senator, I find nine of de Senator was born in Connect-de-coot. So den, gentlemen, I have made my leetle speech; now I vill give you my grand sentiment:

"Connect-de-coot, the leetle yellow spot dat make de clock-peddler, de school-master, and de senator. De first, give you time; the second, tell you what you do with him; and de sird make your law and your civilization,'-and then as he was resuming his seat amidst roars of laughter, he rose again, and with that peculiar gesticulation which characterizes all Frenchmen in moments of excitement, he shook his finger tremulously over the assembled confreres, and exclaimed to the top of his voice, Ah! gentlemen, dat leetle yellow State you call Connect-de-coot, is one very great miracle to me.'"

The writer has for many years been accustomed to hear from the officers of institutions of education in different parts of the country-far distant from New Haven, and widely separated from each other that no other college of their own State proves such a rival to attract the young men of their immediate neighborhood as the far-off University in New Haven. Even from Massachusetts, with four other institutions of learning in addition to the University at Cambridge, according to the summary from which we quote, eighty-nine students were last year in Yale.

The special object which we had in view in speaking of the position which Yale has so long held as a "National" institution, as we have already stated, was rather to call attention to the reasons why the college gained this distinguished position at a very early date. These reasons are connected with the early history of the University, and the original purposes of its founders. We regret that our space requires that we should defer what we wish to say in explanation of these reasons to a subsequent number. WILLIAM L. KINGSLEY.

YALE LAW SCHOOL.

What we have said of the "national" character of the University, as a whole, is true also of each of the Departments. It will be sufficient, for illustration, to refer to but a single one of them, and we take the Yale Law School.

Twenty-six States of the Union are represented, according to the Catalogue of 1889-1890, by the students in this Department; besides Japan, France, Canada, and the Hawaiian Islands.

In this connection it may be stated that the Junior Class, numbering fifty-seven, is the largest in the history of the school. The additions to the Senior Class make the total number of new law students for the current year seventy-five. Of this class, ten at least are attorneys. The total number of students at present in this department is one hundred and eleven.

With the winter term, Prof. Edward J. Phelps resumes his connection with the School, with a largely increased share in the work of instruction. The post-graduates and both classes of undergraduates will have the benefit of his teaching. Judge Shipman, of Hartford, has been added to the corps of lecturers, taking as his topic, "Jurisdiction of, and Practice in, United