XI. AMENDMENTS.

Upon a recommendation of the Executive Committee, amendments to this Constitution may be made by a vote of the members present at any meeting of this Association, notice of the proposed amendment in writing having been lodged with the Secretary at the meeting next preceding. A. N. LEWIS, Secretary.

BY-LAWS.

I. PRESIDING OFFICERS.

The President or (in his absence) one of the Vice-Presidents, or (in absence of all of them) one of the members, shall preside at all meetings of the Association and discharge all the duties appertaining to the office.

II. ORDER OF BUSINESS.

At the meetings of the Association the order of business, so far as the character and nature of the meeting may admit, shall be as follows:

1. Reading of the minutes of the last meeting.

2. Election of new members.

3. Reports of Standing Committees.

4. Reports of Special Committees.

5. General business.

But this order of business may be changed by a majority of the meeting. And except as otherwise provided by the Constitution or By-Laws, the usual parliamentary rules and orders will govern the proceedings.

III. THE SECRETARY.

The Secretary will keep a record of the proceedings of the Association and of such other matters as may be directed by the Association or the Board of Trustees and Managers to be recorded or placed on file; will keep an accurate roll of officers and members, and notify officers and members of their election, and members of committees of their appointment; will issue notices of meetings, with a brief note in case of special meetings of the object for which they are called; will promptly furnish the Treasurer with the names of the persons elected members, and will keep the seal of the Association.

IV. THE TREASURER.

The Treasurer will keep an accurate roll of the members; will collect, and under the direction of the Executive Committee, expend, deposit, or invest the funds of the Association; will keep regular accounts in books of the Association, and will report in writing at each annual meeting, and to the Executive Committee when required by them, the financial condition of the Association. And his accounts shall at all times be subject to examinations and audit by the Executive Committee, or any special committee appointed for that purpose.

V. CLERICAL AID.

The Secretary and Treasurer shall respectively have power, with the approval of the Executive Committee, to employ at the expense of the Association such clerical aid as may be necessary in the discharge of their duties.

VI. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

In addition to such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Managers, or implied from the provisions of the Constitution, the Executive Committee shall, subject to such limitations and instructions as may be imposed by the Board of Trustees and Managers, make such provisions and regulations and take such action as by them shall be deemed to the best interest of the Association in reference to its property and finances, and for adding thereto, and for the safe investment or keeping and protection thereof, and for the purchase or sale of such real or personal property as may in their judgment aid in promoting the objects of this Association.

VII. COMMITTEE ON ADMISSIONS.

All nominations for membership of the Association shall be referred to the Committee on Admissions, and it shall be the duty of said committee from time to time to report in writing to the Association the names of such persons as they may recommend for membership.

The proceedings of this Committee shall be deemed confidential and shall be kept secret, except so far as reports of the same are necessarily and officially made to the Association.

VIII. OTHER COMMITTEES.

In addition to the Executive Committee, the Committee on Admissions, and the Permanent and Special Committees already appointed, other committees may be appointed, but no matter shall be referred to a special committee which is relevant to the function of any existing committee.

IX. QUORUM.

At any meeting of the Association the presence of fifteen members shall be necessary to form a quorum, but any less number may adjourn from time to time.

X. AMENDMENTS.

These By-laws may be altered or repealed, or added to, at any meeting of the Association, or of the Board of Trustees and Managers, by a vote of two-thirds of those present.

A. N. LEWIS, Secretary.

YALE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN.

No. 116.-WEEK ENDING MARCH 8, 1890.

Sunday, March 2.—Public Worship, followed by Communion Service -Battell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. President Dwight. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by Professor Adams.

Monday, March 3.—Philosophical Club-Dr. Rikizo Nakashima, on the present aspect of Philosophy in Germany, Room D. East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M. University Reception-Dwight Hall, 8 to 11 P. M.

Tuesday, March 4.- Byzantine Art: from Constantine to Justinian (Lecture in the Art School)--Professor Hoppin. Art School, 3 P. M. Greek Readings: the Antigone of Sophocles-Professor Reynolds. Room F1, Osborn Hall, 6.45 P. M. Pools and Trusts (Lecture in the Sheffield Scientific School Course)-Professor Hadley. North Sheffield Hall, 8 P. M.

Wednesday, March 5.-Philosophy of Religion (University Lecture) -Professor Ladd. Lecture Room A1, Osborn Hall, 4 P. M. The Book of Pslams (University Bible Club Lecture)-Professor Harper. Lecture Room A1, Osborn Hall, 5 P. M. Class Prayer Meetings-Dwight Hall, 6.40 P. M. Semitic Club-Paper by Professor Richard J. H. Gottheil, Ph.D., of Columbia College, on Semitic Epigraphy in its Bearings upon Biblical Science. Room E1, Osborn Hall, 7.15 P. M. University Chamber Concert-Beethoven String Quartette. North Sheffield Hall, 8.10 P. M. Thursday, March 6.-Bible Teaching (Lecture in the Divinity School) -Mr. George W. Cable, of Northampton, Mass. Marquand Chapel, 3 P. M. French Readings: influence of Voltaire on his time; reading in Zaïre-M. Bergeron. (Open to all students.) 197 Old Chapel, 7 P. M. Greek Readings: fourth book of Homer's Odyssey-Professor Seymour. 195 Old Chapel, 7 to 7.45 P. M.

Friday, March 7.-Lectures on Evolution: III, The Laws of Heredity -Professor J. D. Dana. Peabody Museum Lecture Room, 12 M. Bible Teaching (Lecture in the Divinity School)-Mr. George W. Cable. Marquand Chapel, 3 P. M. Recent Researches on the Brain (Lecture in the Sheffield Scientific School Course)-Professor H. H. Donaldson, of Clark University. North Sheffield Hall, 8 P. M.

University Instruction in Music. On Monday, March 3, from 4 to 6 P. M., at No. 174 Lyceum, Professor Stoeckel will meet students from any Department of the University, who may desire to attend a course of instruction in Harmony, preparatory to one of the courses of musical study, which will be open to students at the beginning of the next academical year.

University Receptions-President and Mrs. Dwight will hold an informal Reception for the University, at Dwight Hall, on Monday evening March 3, from 8 to 11 o'clock. This is the second of a series of Receptions to be given in Dwight Hall, on the first Monday evening of each month, to which all members of the University are invited.

CONNECTICUT is one of the first States which adopted carefully prepared legislation for the support, preservation, and protection of the privilege of free suffrage. Its Constitution adopted in 1818 requires the General Assembly to pass laws for the support of free suffrage, and to prohibit all undue influence at electors' meetings, from power, bribery, tumult, and other improper conduct. For many years there has been required a registration of the voters of each precinct before each general election. Before 1868 the registry lists were prepared by the Selectmen and Town Clerk, who, under the Constitution of Connecticut, constitute the Board which passes upon the qualifications of electors. Since 1868 the registration. has been made by two registrars for each voting precinct, one of whom is a Republican and the other a Democrat. appeal may be taken from the decisions of the registrars to the Board of Selectmen, but such appeals are rarely taken, and the decisions of the registrars are practically final. All persons applying for the privileges of an elector are required

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to appear before the Selectmen and Town Clerk a few days before their first registration; and if that Board passes favorably upon their qualifications of residence, citizenship, and character, and if they are able to read a few lines of the Constitution or Statutes, they may take the oath provided by the Constitution and are admitted as electors. Having been once registered, after being admitted as an elector, the registrars in most cases attend to the actual registration without further application on the part of the elector.

In 1877 the registration law of 1868 was revised, and several additional provisions were adopted to prevent fraud either in the registration of the voters or in the conduct of the elections, and since that time it has been almost impossible to perpetrate any serious frauds at any election held in Connecticut, unless by collusion between the registrars, the box tenders, or the counters, who are composed of representatives of both parties.

Since 1868 voters have had the privilege of folding their ballots and depositing them upon the box in such a manner that no one could discover the character of the ballot voted. This has given a reasonably fair opportunity for each voter to cast his ballot secretly. In practice, however, it has been found that at least eighty per cent. of the voters have preferred to vote an open ballot. The method of permitting a secret ballot, however, at the option of the voter, did not protect electors against intimidation, nor the community against bribery, although there have been for many years, in the election laws of the State, severe penalties for intimidation or bribery of electors. During the past twenty-five years complaints have been made from time to time in some towns of the State that employers intimidated their employees, and required them to vote an open ballot under the inspection of some one representing the employer. In several of the larger towns of the State there has been a kind of class intimidation, where voters of certain races or colors were banded together, and this has prevented independent voting on the part of electors belonging to those classes. The intimidation of the employer, or of the class, has not often been open, nor apparent to the casual observer, but it has been none the less effective. In a majority of the towns of the State, bribery of the voters