Townsend Subject, Yale College.-1. Applicability of the Federal System to Great Britain and her Colonies. 2. James Grahame, Marquis of Montrose. 3. The Counter-Reformation of the 16th and 17th Centuries. 4. New France: The Destinies of the French Race in North America. 5. Childhood and Children in the Plays of Shakesphere. 6. The Court of King René. 7. Modification of the Law of the Survival of the Fittest, both as to Races and as to Individuals, by Christianity and Modern Democracy. 8. Effect of Cheaper Transportation on the Rent of Land and, consequently, on Political and Social Organization in Europe. 9. The Roman Movement in France and Germany Compared. 10. The Broad Church. Essay are to be handed to Professor Beers, or left at his room, No. 171 Farnam Hall, on or before May 1st. Each essay should be signed by an assumed name, and accompanied by a sealed envelope containing the real name of the writer.

No. 105.-WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 1889.

Sunday, November 24.—Public Worship—Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Rev. Theodore T. Munger, D.D. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by President Dwight.

Monday, November 25.-History of Economic Science-III. The Historical School. (University Lecture)—Professor Hadley. 194 Old Chapel, 5 P. M. Greek Readings (the Medea of Euripides)-Professor Reynolds. 195 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M. Dwight Hall Lecture Course— Rev. R. H. Conwell, of Philadelphia, on Acres of Diamonds. Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

Tuesday, November 26.-Classical and Philological Society-Professor Goodell, on Greek Equivalents for Should' and Ought.' Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M.

Wednesday, November 27.-Class Prayer Meetings--Dwight Hall, 6.40 P. M.

Friday, November 29.-The Grammar of Art.-Professor Weir. Art School, 3 P. M. College Faculty Meeting-7 Treasury Building, 4 P. M. Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)—Room 93, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M. Lecture Preparatory to Communion Service-Dwight Hall, 7.30

P. M.

Lectures in the School of the Fine Arts. A course of lectures on the Principles and Means of Art will be given in the Art School, by Professor Weir, on Friday afternoons at 3 o'clock during the rest of the term. Members of the Senior Classes in the various Departments of the University are invited to be present.

Lectures on Economic Science. Professor Hadley will give a course of lectures on the History of Economic Science, Mondays at 5 P. M. in Room 194 Old Chapel. The lectures will continue through the remainder of the term.

Special Honors, Yale College. Seniors who desire to be candidates for one-year honors, and Juniors who are candidates for two-year honors, must announce their intention to the Dean, on or before Monday, December 2.

No. 106.-WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 7, 1889.

Sunday, December 1.-Public Worship Followed by Communion Service-Battell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. President Dwight.-General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by President Dwight.

Monday, December 2.-History of Economic Science-IV. Modern Methods in Economics. (University Lecture)-Professor Hadley. 194 Old Chapel, 5 P. M. University Chamber Concert-Beethoven Quartette Club. North Sheffield Hall, 8.10 P. M. Last Day for Candidates for Special Honors in College to report to the Dean.

Tuesday, December 3.-Greek Readings (the Medea of Euripides) — Professor Reynolds. 195 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M.

Wednesday, December 4.-Philosophy of Religion (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. The Book of Psalms (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. 194 Old Chapel, 5.05 P. M. Class Prayer Meetings-Dwight Hall, 6.40 P. M.

Thursday, December 5.—Readings from Racine (Britannicus, part 2), and Sketch of Racine and his Times-M. Bergeron. 197 Old Chapel, 7 P. M. (Open to all students.) Philosophical Club-Paper by Mr. F, H. Means, entitled, "Can Evolution indicate an Ethical End, or afford a Basis for Morality?" Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M.

Friday, December 6.-The Grammar of Art-Professor Weir. Art School, 3 P. M. Berkeley Association-(Evening Prayer, and talk by the Rev. H. P. Nichols on Church History)-Room 93, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

University Chamber Concerts-Third Season.-The first concert will be given by the Beethoven Quartette Club of New York City, in North Sheffield Hall, on Monday evening, December 2, beginning at 8.10 o'clock. The programme will be as follows: 1. Beethoven,-Quartette, op. 18, No. 1, in F major. Allegro con brio; Adagio; Scherzo; Allegro. 2. a. Bolzoni, Dolce Sogno, Song without words. b. Schubert, Momento musicale. 3. Schumann,-Quartette, op. 41, No. 3, in A major. Andante espressivo: Allegro molto moderato; Assai agitato; Adagio molto; Allegro molto vivace.

Tickets to the Course may be secured by present or past members of the University, at the University Treasury or at the Yale Co-operative Store. Tickets for the Course, $2.00. Only 375 tickets will be issued.

No. 107.-WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 14, 1889.

Sunday, December 8.-Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Rev. Professor Fisher. University Bible Club (Mr. Sanders)—Room 93, Dwight Hall, 4 P. M. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 p. Address by the Rev. H. P. Nichols, of Trinity Church.

M.

Monday, December 9.-The Medieval Woman (Lecture in the Phi Beta Kappa Course)-Mr. McLaughlin. Linonia Hall, 7 P. M.

Tuesday, December 10.-Greek Readings (the Medea of Euripides)— Professor Reynolds. 195 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M.

Wednesday, December 11.-Last Day for payment of College TermBills-Treasurer's Office, 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. Philosophy of Religion (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. The Book of Psalms (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. 194 Old Chapel, 5.05 P. M. Class Prayer Meetings-Dwight Hall, 6.40 P. M. Semitic Club-Paper by Mr. O. Dahl, on the Early History and Geography of Arabia. Room B, East Divinity Hall, 7 P. M.

Friday, December 13.-The Grammar of Art-Professor Weir. Art School, 3 P. M. Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer, and familiar talk by the Rev. H. P. Nichols on Church History)-Room 93, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

Saturday, December 14.—Last Day for returning books to the Linonian and Brothers Library, 9.30 to 11 A. M., and 1.30 to 4 P. M.

Annual Catalogue-The Annual Catalogue of the University for 1889 -90 will be on sale at the Treasurer's Office on Wednesday, December 11. Price, 25 cents (by mail 30 cents). (Circulars of the various departments are furnished separately without charge.)

Library Notice.-All books belonging to the Linonian and Brothers Library must be returned on or before Saturday, December 14.

No. 108.-FOUR WEEKS ENDING JANUARY 11, 1890.

Sunday, December 15.—Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Mr. Dwight L. Moody, of Northfield, Massachusetts. University Bible Club (Mr. Sanders)-Room 93, Dwight Hall, 4 P. M. General Religious Meeting-Battell Chapel, 7 P. M. Address by Mr. Moody. All except the rear Gallery reserved for students.

Wednesday, December 18.-The Book of Psalms (University Lecture) -Professor Harper. 194 Old Chapel, 5.05 P. M. First College Term Ends, 6 P. M.

Thursday, December 19.-College Faculty Meeting-7 Treasury Building, 10 A. M.

Tuesday, January 7.-Second College Term begins, 8.10 A. M.

Wednesday, January 8.-Philosophy of Religion (University Lecture) -Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. The Book of Psalms (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. 194 Old Chapel, 5.05 P. M. Class Prayer Meetings-Dwight Hall, 6.40 P. M.

Friday, January 10.-Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)-Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

Results of College Examinations.-Members of the Junior and Senior Classes in College can learn the results of their semi-annual examinations at the Dean's office, on Thursday, December 19, between 2 and 4 P. M.

CURRENT

LITERATURE.

CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, AS SEEN IN AMERICAN LAW.*— This book contains five lectures delivered by as many lawyers of distinction, at the University of Michigan, showing how the courts have developed the meaning of the United States constitution. Henry Hitchcock, of St. Louis, in describing the work of Chief Justice Marshall, gives an interesting account of an old law-suit which in one way or another occupied the attention of the courts during a great part of a generation. A Pennsylvania Admiralty Court, a year after the Declaration of Independence, condemned a sloop called the Active, as a lawful prize in favor of an armed vessel of that State. The owners appealed to the Continental Congress, and they reversed the judgment. The State authorities, nevertheless, sold the sloop, and the proceeds were paid into the State treasury, in contempt of Congress. The treasurer invested the money, and on his death his estate was sued for it, in a District Court of the United States, under the present constitution. The plaintiffs got judgment in 1803, but the State Legislature at once passed an Act directing the Governor to prevent the levy of any process to enforce it. The District Judge, in view of this, declined to order an execution, and the Attorney General of the United States applied to the Supreme Court to compel him to do so. Judge Marshall in 1809 gave an emphatic opinion, granting the application.

"Thus backed by the Supreme Court the District Judge issued his writ. The attempt to serve it was obstructed by the bayonets of an armed guard which, under the Governor's orders, was placed around the houses of the respondents by General Bright, commanding a brigade of Philadelphia militia. The United States marshal proceeded to sum

* Constitutional History of the United States as seen in the Development of American Law. A course of Lectures before the Political Science Association of the University of Michigan. By Judge T. M. COOLEY, of Ann Arbor; Hon. HENRY HITCHCOCK, of St. Louis; Hon. GEORGE W. BIDDLE, of Philadelphia; Professor CHARLES A. KENT, of Detroit; Hon. DANIEL H. CHAMBERLAIN, of New York. New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Knickerbocker Press, 1889. VOL. XVI. 6

mon a posse comitatus of two thousand men, but gave time for reflection. Great public excitement ensued. The legislature passed another act, which opened a door for retreat. The Governor's remonstrance and appeal to President Madison to interfere was met by firm and flat refusal. The writ was served without violence, the State authorities gave way, and the money was paid over. But the national authority was still more completely vindicated. General Bright and his men were promptly arrested, indicted and tried in the United States Circuit Court for unlawful resistance to civil process. Upon the facts specially found by a reluctant and sympathizing jury, plainly sharing the intense * popular sympathy and excitement, but firmly held to their duty by Mr. Justice Washington, they were adjudged guilty. The sentence of fine and imprisonment imposed was executed in part, but the President wisely remitted the rest, on the ground that the prisoners had acted on a mistaken sense of duty."

Mr. Hitchcock appends to his lecture a valuable table of the cases involving constitutional questions decided by the Supreme Court while Marshall was at its head. There were 61, and the opinions in 35 were written by him.

George W. Biddle of Philadelphia contributed to this volume a careful study of Chief Justice Taney's work upon the same bench, agreeing with him in his position in Merryman's case, that Congress alone can suspend the privilege of habeas corpus.

Gov. Chamberlain of New York undertook what was perhaps the most difficult of the subjects to be discussed, the place in the American system of the State judiciary. He criticizes with what seems to us just severity the declarations of Pomeroy and Hare that no American State was ever sovereign. Not only, he maintains, were all the old thirteen sovereign before the constitution was adopted, but all are now sovereign except so far as limited by that act.

"To deny, therefore, a limited sovereignty to a State of the Union, under the Constitution, is forensically and historically as incorrect and mischievous as to assert more than a limited sovereignty for the United States under the Constitution. Each is sovereign, but each is sovereign only within the limits traced by the Constitution.

I have dwelt thus upon this point of our constitutional law, not primarily to combat and disprove an unsound theory, but because my theme has to do directly with the relations of the States to the Union in one of their most vital aspects. Our American political system is strictly imperium in imperio, or rather imperia in imperio-forty-two indestructible States constituting one indestructible Nation; States and Nation, sovereign,-the one, to the extent not forbidden, the other, to the extent prescribed, by the Constitution."