5. Bought a hhd. of molasses containing 119 gallons, at 52 cts. per gallon; paid for carting the same I dollar 25 cents, and by accident 9 gallons leaked out; at what rate must I sell the remainder per gallon, to gain 13 dollars in the whole ? Ans. 69cts. 2m.+

II. To know what is gained or lost per cent.

RULE.

First see what the gain or loss is by subtraction; then As the price it cost is to the gain or loss: so is 100%. or $100, to the gain or loss per cent.

EXAMPLES.

1. If I buy Irish linen at 2s. per yard, and sell it again at 28. 8d. per yard; what do I gain per cent. or in laying out 100l. As: 2s. 8d.:: 100l. : £33 6s. 8d. Ans.

2. If I buy broadcloth at 3 dols. 44 cts. per yard, and sell it again at 4 dols. 30 cts. per yard; what do I gain per cent. or in laying out 100 dollars ?

Scts.

Gained per yd. 86

it again at 41

Ans. 25 per cent.

3. If I buy a cwt. of cotton for 34 dols. 86 cts. and sel cts. per lb. what do I gain or lose, and

Gained in the gross, $11,62

As 34,86: 11,62: : 100: 334 Ans. 334 per cent. 4. Bought sugar at 81d. per lb. and sold it again at 46. 178. per cwt. what did I gain per cent.?

Ans. £25 19s. 54d. 5. If I buy 12 hlds. of wine for 2041. and sell the same again at 14. 17s. 6d. per hhd. do I gain or lose, and what per cent. ? Ans. Flose 124 per cent. 6. At 13d. profit in a shilling, how much per cent. ? Ans. £12 10s.

7. At 25 cts. profit in a dollar, how much per cent. ? Ans. 25 per cent. NOTE. When goods are bought or sold on credit, you must calculate (by discount) the present worth of their price, in order to find your true gain or loss, &c.

EXAMPLES.

1. Bought 164 yards of broadcloth, at 14s. 6d. per yd. ready money, and sold the same again for 1541. 10s. on 6 months credit; what did I gain by the whole; allowing discount at 6 per cent. a year?

£.. £. £. s. £. s.

As 103: 100 :: 154 10: 150.

O present worth. 118 18 prime cost.

Gained £31 2 Answer.

2. If I buy cloth at 4 dols. 16 cts. per yard, on eight *months credit, and sell it again at 3 dols. 90 cts. per yd. ready money, what do I lose per cent. allowing 6 per cent. discount on the purchase price? Ans. 2 per cent.

III. To know how a commodity must be sold, to gain or lose so much per cent.

RULE.

As 100 is to the purchase price : so is 100%. or 100 dols. with the profit added, or loss subtracted : to the selling price.

EXAMPLES.

1. If I buy Irish linen at 2s. 3d. per yard; how must I sell it per yard to gain 25 per cent. ?

As 100l. 2s. 3d.:: 125l. to 2s. 9d. Sqrs. Ans. 2. If I buy Rum at 1 dol. 5 cts. per gallon; how must I sell it per gallon to gain 30 per cent. P

As $100 $1,05:130: $1,36 cts. Ans. 3. If tea cost 54 cents per Ib.; how must it be sold per b. to lose 12 per cent. ?

As $100 54 cts. :: $87, 50 cts. : 47cts. 23m.Ans. 4. Bought cloth 17s. 6d. per yard, which not proving so good as I expected, I am obliged to lose 15 per cent. by it; how must I sell it per yard ? Ans. 14s. 10d.

5. If 11 cwt. 1 qr. 25 lb. of sugar cost 126 dols. 50 cts. how must it be sold per lb. to gain 30 per cent. ?

Ans. 12cts. 8m.

6. Bought 90 gallons of wine at 1 dol. 20 cts. per gall. but by accident 10 gallons icaked out, at what rate must I sell the remainder per gallon to gain upon the whole prime cost, at the rate of 121 per cent.? Ans. $1, 51ets. 8777m.

IV. When there is gained or lost per cent. to know what the commodity cost. RULE.

As 1007. or 100 dols. with the gain per cent. added, or loss per cent. subtracted, is to the price; so is 100 to the prime cost.

EXAMPLES.

1. If a yard of cloth be sold at 14s. 7d. and there is gained 16ľ. 13s. 4d. per cent.; what did the yard cost?

£ S. d. s. d.

As 116 13 4: 14 7 :: 2. By selling broadcloth at lose at the rate of 20 per cent.; said cloth per yard ?

100 to 12s. 6d. Ans. 3 dols. 25 cts. per yard, I what is the prime cost of Ans. $4, 06cts. 24m. 3. If 40 fb. of chocolate be sold at 25 cts. per lb. and I gain 9 per cent. ; what did the whole cost me ?

Ans. 89, 17cts. 4m.+ 4. Bought 5 cwt. of sugar, and sold it again at 12 cents per lb. by which I gained at the rate of 25 per cent.; what did the sugar cost me per cwt.

Ans. $10, 70cts. 9m.+

V. If by wares sold at a given rate there is so much gained or lost per cent. to know what would be gained or Lost per cent. if sold at another rate.

RULE.

As the first price is to 100l. or 100 dols. with the profit per cent. added, or loss per cent. subtracted: so is the other price to the gain or loss per cent. at the other rate.

N. B. If your answer exceed 100l. or 100 dols. the excess is your gain per cent. ; but if it be less than 100, that deficiency is the loss per cent..

EXAMPLES.

1. If I sell cloth at 5s. per yd. and thereby gain 15 per ent. what shall I gain per cent. if I sell it at ös. per yard? S. £. S. £.

As 5: 115 :: 6 : 138 Ans. gained 38 per cent.

2. If I retail run at 1 dollar 50 cents per gallon and thereby gain 25 per cent. what shall I gain or lose per cent. if I sell it at 1 dol. 8cts. per gallon?

& cts.

$

cts. $

1,50: 125: : 1,08: 90 Ans. I shall lose 10 per cent. 3. If I sell a cwt. of sugar for 8 dollars, and thereby lose 12 per cent. what shall I gain or lose per cent. if Į sell 4 cwt. of the same sugar for 36 dollars

Ans. Ilose only 1 per cent. 4. I sold a watch for 171. 1s. 5d. and by so doing lost 15 per cent. whereas I ought in trading to have cleared 20 per cent.; how much was it sold under its real value?

£. s. d.

£. £. s. d.

As 85 17 1 5: 100: 20 1 8 the prime cost.
100 20 18: 120: 24 2 0 the real value.
Sold for 17 1 5

£707 Answer.

FELLOWSHIP,

Is a rule by which the accompts of several merchants o other persons, trading in partnership, are so adjusted, that each may have his share of the gain, or sustain his share of the loss, in proportion to his share of the joint stock. Also by this Rule a bankrupt's estate may be divided among his creditors, &c.

SINGLE FELLOWSHIP,

Is when the several shares of stock are continued in trade an equal term of time.

RULE.

As the whole stock is to the whole gain or loss: se is each man's particular stock, to his particular share of the gain or loss.

PROOF.-Add all the particular shares of the gain or loss together, and if it be right, the sum will be equal to the whole gain or loss.

EXAMPLES.

1. Two partners, A and B, join their stock and buy a quantity of merchandize, to the amount of 820 dollars; in the purchase of which A laid out 350 dollars, and B 470 dollars; the commodity being sold, they find their clear gain amounts to 250 dollars. What is each person's share of the gain?

A put in 350

B

470

S350

As 820: 250 ::

106,7073+A's share. 2470: 143,2926+B's share.

Proof 249,9999+=$250

2. Three merchants make a joint stock of 1200l. of which A put in 240l. B 360l. and C 600l.; and by trading they gain 3251. what is each one's part of the gain?

Ans. A's part £65, B's £97 10s. C's £162 10s. 3. Three partners, A, B, and C, shipped 108 mules for the West-Indies; of which A owned 48, B 36, and C 24. But in stress of weather, the mariners were obliged to throw 45 of them overboard; I demand how much of the loss each owner must sustain ?

Ans. A 20, B 15, C 10. 4. Four men traded with a stock of 800 dollars, by which they gained 307 dols. A's stock was 140 dols. B's 260 dols. C's 500 dols. I demand D's stock and what each man gained by trading?

Ans. D's stock was $100, and A gained $53, 72cts 5m. B 599, 771cts. C $115, 12 cts. and D $38, 37cts.

5. A bankrupt is indebted to A 211l. to B 300l and to C 3912. and his whole estate amounts only to 675l. 10s. which he gives up to these creditors; how much must each have in proportion to his debt?

Ans. A must have £158 0s. 34d. B £224_13s. 44d. and C292 16s. 3ąd.