If we sing lower than 1 of the middle scale, 1 will be regarded as 8 of the lower scale. If we sing higher than 8 of the middle scale, 8 will be re- 11 INTRODUCTION OF THE CHROMATIC SCALE. NOTE.-The Teacher will examine his class on the Scale, as in Chapter VII, until they A Sharp, thus, #, is used to raise the pitch of a sound a half-step. A Flat, thus, b, is used to lower the pitch of a sound a half-step. A Natural, thus, , is a cancelling character, and is used to annul a The intervals of the chromatic scale are all half-steps, as in the following CHROMATIC SCALE.-ASCENDING BY SHARPS. CHAPTER XIV. DIATONIC INTERVALS. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC. The intervals in the preceding scales have been reckoned from the lowest sound upward, in their regular order. There are other intervals than steps and half-steps, occasioned by skips, called seconds, thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths, sevenths, and octaves, as, from 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, etc. The interval from 1 to 2 is called a second, from 1 to 3 a third, from 1 to 4 a fourth, from 2 to 4 a third, from 3 to 7 a fifth, etc. Intervals are always reckoned from the lowest sound upward, unless otherwise expressed. CHAPTER XV. TRANSPOSITION OF THE SCALE. NOTE. The Teacher will examine the class in reference to the intervals of the Diatonic Scale in Chapter VII. In all our examples heretofore Do has been placed on C. In the major scale C is called the key-note or tonic; and when the scale commences on C it is said to be in its natural position. In examining the intervals of the scale we find the half-steps to occur between 3 and 4, 7 and 8. From the fact that they occur between those numerals, and the scale commences on C, it necessarily makes a half-step from E to F, and from B to C. Between all the other letters are whole steps, and this order of intervals between the letters is permanently fixed, so that if we change the key note, or 1, to any other letter, it will be necessary to examine and compare the intervals, and make such alterations as will correspond with its changed position. Such change is termed TRANSPOSITION. KEY-NOTE, OR 1, CHANGED FROM C TO G. 13 ELEMENTS OF MUSIC. CHAPTER XVII. SECOND TRANSPOSITION BY SHARPS. It will be remembered that when we transposed the scale from C to G, we were obliged to sharp the fourth of the scale of C (F), to preserve the order of intervals in the key of G, and the sharp fourth became 7 of the new key. RULE. If we sharp the fourth of any scale, we transpose a fifth higher, and the sharp fourth becomes 7 of the new key. SCALE IN THE KEY OF D.-F AND C MADE SHARP. NOTE.-Let the whole class sing each part of the above exercise separately, then together. Sing first tune on page 36. |