11. From 125 dollars, take 9 dollars 9 cents. Ans. 115 dells. 91 cts 12. From 127 dollars 1 cent, take 41 dollars 10 cents. Ans. 85 dolls. 91 cts. 13. From 365 dollars 90 cents, take 168 dols. 99 cents Ans. $196, 91 cts. 14. From 249 dollars 45 cents, take 180 dollars. and nineteen cents. Ans. $69, 45 cts. 15. From 100 dollars, take 45 cts. 16. From ninety dollars and ten cents, take forty dolları Ans. $49, 91 cts. 17. From forty-one dollars eight cents, take one dollar nine cents. 18. From 3 dols. take 7 cts. Ans. $39, 99 cts. Ans. $2, 93 cts. ninety-nine cents. Ans. $98, 1 ct. 20. From twenty dols. take twenty cents and one mill. Ans. $19, 79 cts. 9 mills. 21. From three dollars, take one hundred and ninety-nine cents. Ans. $1, 1 ct. Ans. $19, 90 cts. 22. From 20 dols. take 1 dime. 23. From e dollars and ninety cents, take ninety-nine times Ans. 0 remains. 24. Jack wadze money was 219 dollars, and Thonias received just twice as much, lacking 45 cents. money did Thomas receive? How much Ans. $437, 55 cts. 25. Joe Careless received prize money to the amount of 1000 dollars; after which he lays out 411 dolls. 41 cents for a span of fine horses; and 123 dollars 40 cents for a gold watch and a suit of new clothes; besides 359 dols. and 50 cents he lost in gambling. How much will he have left after paying his landlord's bill, which amounts to 85 dols. and 11 cents? Ans. $20, 58 cts. SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION TEACHETH to increase or repeat the greater of two numbers given, as often as there are units in the less, or multiplying number; hence it performs the work of many additions in the most compendious manner. The number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand. The number you multiply by, is called the multiplier. The number found from the operation, is called the product. NOTE. Both multiplier and multiplicand are in general called factors, or terms. CASE I. When the multiplier is not more than twelve. RULE.-Multiply each figure in the multiplicand by the multiplier; carry one for every ten, (as in addition of whole numbers,) and you will have the product or answer. PROOF-Multiply the multiplier by the multiplicand.* EXAMPLES. What number is equal to 3 times 365 ? Thus, 365 multiplicand. 3 multiplier. Ans. 1095 product. * Multiplication may also be proved by casting out the 9's in the two actors, and setting down the remainders; then multiplying the two remainders together; if the excess of 9's in their product is equal to the extess of 9's in the total product, the work is supposed to be right, CASE II. When the nitiplier consists of several figures. RULE.-The multip:ser being pi-ced under the multiplicand, unita under units, tens under tens, &c. multiply by each significant figure in the multiplier sepiately, placing the first figure in each product exactly under its multiplier: then add the several products togethe in the same order as they sien, and their sum will be the total product EXAPLES. What number is equal to 47 times 365? Multiplicand, 365 47 15. What is the total product of 7608 times 365432. Ans. 2780206656.16. What number is equal to 40003 times 4897685. Ans. 195922093055. CASE III. When there are ciphers on the right hand of either or both of the factors, neglect those ciphers; then place the significant figures under one another, and multiply by them only, and to the right had of the product, place as many phers as were omitted in both the factors. 7065000 × 8700=61465500000 749643000 × 695000=521001885000000 360000 × 1200000=432000000000 CASE IV. When the multiplier is a composite number, that is, when it is produced by multiplying any two numbers in the table together, multiply first by one of those figures, that c 2 product by the other, and the last product will be the total To multiply by 10, 100, 1000, &c. unex to the mul.i plicand all the ciphers in the multipliar, and it will mu the product required. EXAMPLES. 1. Multiply 365 by 10. Ans. 3650. Ans. 465700. Ans. 522400Q. Ans. 26460000Q. EXAMPLES FOR EXERCISE. 1. Multiply 1203450 by 9004. Ans. 10835863300. Application and Use of Multiplication. In making out bills of parcels, and in finding the value goods; when the price of one vard, pound, &c. is given (in Federal Money) to find the value of the whole quantity. |