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Contractions in Division.

When the divisor is such a number, that any two figure in the Table, being multiplied together, will produce it, di. vide the given dividend by one of those figures; the quotient thence arising by the other; and the last quotient will be the answer.

NOTE. The total remainder is found by multiplying the last remainder by the first divisor, and adding in the first remainder.

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2. To divide by 10, 100, 1000, &c.

RULE.-Cut off as many figures from the right hand of the dividen as there are ciphers in the divisor, and these figures so cut off are th remainder; and the other figures of the dividend are the quotient:

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SUPPLEMENT TO MULTIPLICATION.

To multiply by a mixt number; that is, a whole number joined with a fraction, as 81, 51, 61, &c.

RULE.--Multiply by the whole number, and take 1, 1, 1, &c. of The multiplicand, and add it to the product.

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Questions to exercise Multiplication and Division. 1. What will 92 tuns of hay come to, at 14 dollars a un ? Ans. $136. 2. If it take 320 rods to make a mile, and every rod ontains 51 yards; how many yards are there in a mile ?

3. Sold a ship for 11516 dollars, and I what was my part of the money?

4. In 276 barrels of raisins, each 3 hundred weight?

5. In 36 pieces of cloth, each piece vards; how many yards in the whole? 6. What is the product of 161 multiplied

Ans. 1760. owned & of her ; Ans. $8637. cwt. how many Ans. 966 cwt. containing 241 Ans. 873 yds. by itself? Ans. 25921.

7. If a man spend 492 dollars a year, what is that per calendar month?

Ans. $41. 8. A privateer of 65 men took a prize, which being equally divided among them, amounted to 1191. per man; what is the value of the prize? Ans. £7735.

9. What number multiplied by 9, will make 225?

Ans. 25.

Ans. 3656.

10. The quotient of a certain number is 457, and the divisor 8; what is the dividend? 11. What cost 9 yards of cloth, at 3s. per yard?

12. What cost 45 oxen, at 87. per head? 13. What cost 144 lb. of indigo, at 2 250 cents per lb.

Ans. 27s. Ans. £360. dols. 50 cts. or Ans. $360.

14. Write down four thousand six hundred and seventeen, multiply it by twelve, divide the product by nine, and add 365 to the quotient, then from that sum subtract five thousand five hundred and twenty-one, and the remainder will be just 1000. Try it and see.

COMPOUND ADDITION,

IS the adding of several numbers together, having dif ferent denominations, but of the same generic kind, as pounds, shillings and pence, &c. Tuns, hundreds, quae◄ ters, &c.

RULE. 1. Place the numbers so that those of the same denomina tion may stand directly under each other.

2. Add the first column or denomination together, as in whole num. bers; then divide the sum by as many of the same denomination as make one of the next greater; setting down the remainder under the column added, and carry the quotient to the next superior denomination, continuing the same to the last, which add, as in simple addition.*

1. STERLING MONEY,

Is the money of account in Great-Britain, and is reckoned in Pounds, Shillings, Pence and Farthings. See the Pence Tables.

* The reason of this rule is evident: For, addition of this money, as 1 in the pence is equal to 4 in the farthings; 1 in the shillings, to 12 in the pence; and 1 in the pounds, to 20 in the shillings; therefore carrying as di rected, is the arranging the money, arising from each column, properly in the scale of denominations: and this reasoning will hold good in the addition of compound numbers of any denomination whatever.

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11. Find the amount of the following sums, viz. 421. 13s. 5d.-117. 10s.—47. 17s. 8d.-131. Os. 7d.—19s. 41⁄2d.—271. and 151. 6s,

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12. Add 3047. 5s. and 0d.-341. 19s. 7d.-71. 18s. 5d -2471. Os. 11d.-19s. 6d. 1qr. and 451. together. Ans. £. 640 3s. 53d.

13. Find the sum total of 147. 19s. 6d. 111. 4s. 9d.257. 10s.-41. Os. 6d.—3l. 5s. 8d.-19s. 6d. and Os. 6d. Ans. £. 60 0s. 5d.

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14. Find the amount of the following sums, viz.
Forty pounds, nine shillings,
Sixty-four pounds and nine pence,
Ninety-five pounds, nineteen shillings,
Seventeen shillings and 41d. -

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Ans. £. 201 6s. l¦d

15. How much is the sum of
Thirty-seven shillings and sixpence,
Thirty-nine shillings and 44d.
Forty-four shillings and nine pence, -
Twenty-nine shillings and three pence,
Fifty shillings,

Ans. £. 10 Os. 10 d.

16. Bought a quantity of goods for 1257. 10s.; paid for truckage, forty-five shillings, for freight, seventy-nine shil lings and sixpence, for duties, thirty-five shillings and te pence, and my expenses were fifty-three shillings and nine pence; what did the goods stand me in?

Ans. £. 136 4s. 1d. 17. Six men took a prize, and having divided it equally amongst them, each man shared two hundred and forty pounds, thirteen shillings and seven pence; how much money did the whole prize amount to?

Ans. £. 1444 is. 6d

2. TROY WEIGHT.

oz. put. gr. 16 11 19 23

1648640

4 16 21
8 19 14

9 14 17

7 10

7

7 11 12

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