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10. Divide 115

10 0 by

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1

5 4

1

13 6

13. Divide

34 4 0 by 144

0

4 9

11. Divide 136 16 6 by 108

12. Divide 202 13 6 by 121

3. When the divisor is large, and not a composite num her, you may divide by the whole divisor at once, after man ner of long division, as follows, viz.

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Examples of Weights, Measures, &c. 1. Divide 14 cwt. 1 qr.8 lb. of sugar equally among 8 men,

C. gr. lb. oz.

8)14 1 8 0

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2. Divide 6 T. 11 cwt. 3 qrs. 19 lb. by 4.

Ans. 1 T. 12 cwt. 3 qrs. 25 lb. 12 oz.

3. Divide 14 cwt. 1 qr. 12 lb. by 5.

Ans. 2 cwt. 3 qrs. 13 lb. 9 oz. 9 dr.+ 4. Divide 161b. 13 oz. 10 dr. by 6. Ans. 2 lb. 12 oz. 15 dr. 5. Divide 56 lb. 6 oz. 17 pwt. of silver into 9 equal parts. Ans. 3 lb. 3 oz. 8 pwt. 13 g 6. Divide 26 lb. 1 oz. 5 wt. by 24.

grs.+

Ans. 1 lb. 1 oz. 1 pwt. 1 gr. 7. Divide 9 hhds. 28 gals. 2 qts. by 12.

Ans. Ohhd. 49 gals. 2 qts. 1 pt.

8. Divide 168 bu, 1 pk. 6 qts. by 35.

Ans. 4 bu. 3 pks. 2 qts.

9. Divide 17 lea. 1 m. 4 fur. 21 po. by 21.

Ans. 2 m. 4 fur. 1 po.

10. Divide 43 yds. 1 qr. 1 na. by 11.

Ans. 3 yds. 3 qrs. 3 na.

11. Divide 97 E. E. 4 qrs. 1 na. by 5.

Ans. 19 yds. 2 qrs. 3 na. + 12. Divide 4 gallons of brandy equally among 144 soldiers. Ans. I gill apiece. 13. Bought a dozen of silver spoons, which together weighed 3 lb. 2 oz. 13 pwt. 12 grs. how much silver did each spoon contain? Ans. 3 oz. 4 pwt. 11 gr. 19 lb. of sugar, and sold out

14. Bought 17 cwt. 3 qrs. one third of it; how much remains unsold?

Ans. 11 cwt. 3 qrs. 22 lb.

15. From a piece of cloth containing 64 yards 2 na. a tailor was ordered to make 9 soldiers' coats, which took one third of the whole piece; how many yards did each coat contain } Ans. 2 yds, 1 gr. 2 na,

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.

1. If 9 yards of cloth cost 41. 3s. 7d. what is that per yard?

£ S. d. gr.

9)4 3 7

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3. If 12 gallons of brandy cost that per gallon?

2d. what is that per Ans. £2 1s. 10d.

4l. 15s. 6d. what is Ans. 7s. 11d. 2qrs. what is that Ans. 51d.

4. If 84 lbs. of cheese cost 17. 16s. 9d.

per pound?

5. Bought 48 pairs of stockings for a pair do they stand me in?

13

6. If a reckoning of 5l. 8s. 10d. be persons, what do they pay apiece?

117. 2s. how much Ans. 4s. 74d.

paid equally among Ans. 8s. 44d.

7. A piece of cloth containing 24 yards, cost 187. 6s.

what did it cost per yard?

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8. If a hogshead of wine cost 337. 12s. what is it a gal lon? Ans. 10s. 8d. 9. If 1 cwt. of sugar cost 31. 10s. what is it per pound!

Ans. 7d.

10. If a man spend 717. 14s. 6d. a year, what is tha per calendar month? Ans. £5 19s. 61⁄2d. 11. The Prince of Wales' salary is 150,000l. a year what is that a day? Ans. £410 19s. 2d. 12. A privateer takes a prize worth 12465 dollars, of which the owner takes one half, the officers one fourth, and the remainder is equally divided among the sailors, who are 125 ir number; how much is each sailor's part? Ans. $24 93 cts.

13. Three merchants A, B, and C, have a ship in com pany. A bath, B, and C, and they receive for freigh 2281. 16s. 8d. It is required to divide it among the own ers according to their respective shares.

Ans. A's share £143 0s. 5d. B's share £57 4s. 2d C's share £28 123. 1d.

14. A privateer having taken a prize worth $6850, it i

divided into one hundred shares; of which the captain is to have 11; 2 lieutenants, each 5; 12 midsipmen, each 2; and the remainder is to be divided equally among the sailors, who are 105 in number.

Ans. Captain's share $753 50 cts. ; lieutenant's, $342 50 cts.; a midshipman's, $137, and a sailor's, $35 88.

REDUCTION,

TEACHES to bring or change numbers from one name to another, without altering their value.

Reduction is either Descending or Ascending.

Descending, is when great names are brought into smali, as pounds into shillings, days into hours, &c.-This is done by Multiplication.

Ascending, is when small names are brought into great, as shillings into pounds, hours into days, &c. This is perormed by Division.

REDUCTION DESCENDING. RULE.-Multiply the highest denomination given by so many of the next less as make one of that greater, and thus continue till you ave brought it down as low as your question requires.

PROOF. Change the order of the question, and divide your last roduct by the last multiplier, and so on.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 251. 15s. 9d. 2qrs. how many farthings?

£

S. d. qrs.

25

15 9 2

Proof.

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24758 farthings.

NOTE. In multiplying by 20, I added in the 15s.-by 12 he 9d.-and by 4 the 2qrs. which must always be done in

кe cases.

2. In 31. 11s. 10d. 1gr. how many farthings?

Ans. 30329.

3. In 46l. 5s. 11d. 3qrs. how many farthings?

Ans. 44441.

4. In 617. 12s. how many shillings, pence, and farthings? Ans. 1232s. 14784d. 59136grs.

5. In 841. how many shillings and pence?

Ans. 1680s. 20160d

6. In 18s. 9d. how many pence and farthings?

Ans. 225d. 900grs.

7. In 312l. 8s. 5d. how many half-pence? Ans. 149962. 8. In 846 dollars, at 6s. each, how many farthings? Ans. 243648.

9. In 41 guineas, at 28s. each, how many pence?

Ans. 13776. 10. In 59 pistoles, at 22s. how many shillings, pence and farthings? Ans. 1298s. 15576d. 62304 qrs. 11. In 37 half-johannes, at 48s. how many shillings, six pences, and three-pences?

Ans. 1776s. 3552 six-pences, 7104 three-pences. 12. In 121 French crowns, at 6s. 8d. each, how many pence and farthings? Ans. 9680d. 38720qrs.

REDUCTION ASCENDING.

RULE.-Divide the lowest denomination given, by so many of th name as make one of the next higher, and so on through all the de nominations, as far as your question requires.

PROOF. Multiply inversely by the several divisors.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 224765 farthings, how many pence, shillings and pounds?

Farthings in a penny=4)224765

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NOTE. The remainder is always of the same name as

the dividend.

2. Bring 30329 farthings into pounds.

Ans. £31 11s. 10d. 1qr.

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