place of hundredths, by 5, if the shillings be odd; and the third place by 1 when the farthings exceed 12, and by 2 when they exceed 36. EXAMPLES. 1. Find the decimal of 7s. 93d. by inspection. ,3 = 6s. for the odd shillings. 5 39 the farthings in 93d. 2. Find the decimal expression of 16s. 41d. and 17s. 8d. Ans. £,819, and £,885 3. Write down £47 18 101 in a decimal expression. Ans. £47,943 Ans. £1,40 4. Reduce £1 8s. 2d. to an equivalent decimal. A short and PROBLEM II. easy method to find the value of any decimal of a pound by inspection. RULE.-Double the first figure, or place of tenths, for shillings, and if the second figure be 5, or more than 5, reckon another shilling; then, after this 5 is deducted, call the figures in the second and third places so many farthings, abating 1 when they are above 12, and 2 when above 36, and the result will be the answer. NOTE. When the decimal has but 2 figures, if any thing remains after the shillings are taken out, a cipher must be annexed to the left hand, or supposed to be so. EXAMPLES. 1. Find the value of £.,679 by inspection. 12s 1 Add double of 6 for the 5 in the second place which is to be [deducted out of 7 74d. 29 farthings remain to be added. Deduct d. for the excess of 12. Ans. 13s. 7d. 2. Find the value of £.,876 by inspection. Ans. 17s. 61d. 3. Find the value of £.,842 by inspection. Ans. 16s. 10d. 4. Find the value of £.,097 by inspection. Ans. 1s. 11‡d. REDUCTION OF CURRENCIES. RULES for reducing the Currencies of the several United States into Federal Money. CASE I. To reduce the currencies of the different states, where a dollar is an even number of shillings, to Federal Money. RULE.-1. When the sum consists of pounds only, annex a cipner to the pounds, and divide by half the number of shillings in a dollar, the quotient will be dollars.t 2. But if the sum consists of pounds, shillings, pence, &c. bring the given sum into shillings, and reduce the pence and farthings to a de cimal of a shilling; annex said decimal to the shillings, with a decimal point between, then divide the whole by the number of shillings contained in a dollar, and the quotient will be dollars, cents, mills, &c. EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 737. New-England and Virginia currency, to Federal money. 3)730 cts. $2431-243 331 2. Reduce 451. 15s. 7d. New-England currency, to fede. 20 [ral money. d. 12)7,500 ,625 decima?. Formerly the pound was of the same sterling value in all the colonies as in Great-Britain, and a Spanish Dollar worth 4s. 62.-but the legisla tures of the different colonies emitted bills of credit, which afterwards depreciated in their value, in some states more, in others less, &c. Thus a dollar is reckoned in New-England, New-Jersey, Virginia, Kentucky, and 6s Pennsylvania, Delaware, and and Tennessee, Maryland, Georgia, New-York, and 8s North Carolina, † Adding a cipher to the pounds, multiplies the whole by 10, bringing them into tenths of a pound; then because a dollar is just three tenths of pound, N. E. currency, dividing those tenths by 3, brings them into dolla &c. See Note, page 78. NOTE. 1 farthing is ,25) which annex to the pence, and ,50 divide by 12, you will have the ,75) decimal required. 2 3 = 3. Reduce 3457, 10s. 114d. New-Hampshire, &c. curren cy, to Spanish milled dollars, or federal money. £345 10 11 4. Reduce 1057. 14s. 33d. New-York and North-Caroli na currency, to federal money. £105 14 33 A dollar-8)2114,3125 $264,289 06 Ans. d ,3125 decimal. 5. Reduce 4317. New-York currency to federal money. l'his being pounds only,* 6. Reduce 281. 11s. 6d. rency, to federal money. 7. Change 4631. 10s. 8d. to federal money. 8. Reduce 357. 19s. money. 4)4310 cts. Ans. $10771-1077,50 9. Reduce 2147. 10s. 74d. federal money. 10. Reduce 3047. 11s. 5d. to federal money. 11. Change 2191, 11s. 73d. currency, to federal money. A dollar is 8s. in this currency-4-4-10 of a pound; therefore, multiply by 10, and divide by 4, brings the pounds into dollars, &c. 12. Change 2417. New-England, &c. currency, into fe deral money. Ans. $803, 33 cts. 13. Bring 201. 18s. 53d. New-England currency, inte dollars. Ans. $69, 74 cts. 61 m.+ 14. Reduce 4681. New-York currency to federal money Ans. $1170 15. Reduce 17s. 93d. New-York, &c. currency, to dollars, &c. Ans. $2, 22 cts. 6,5 m.+ 16. Borrowed 10 English crowns, at 6s. 8d. each, how many dollars, at 6s. each, will pay the debt? Ans. $11, 11 cts. 1 m. NOTE.-There are several short practical methods of reducing New-England and New-York currencies to Federal Money, for which see the Appendix. CASE II. To reduce the currency of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, to Federal Money. RULE.-Multiply the given sum by 8, and divide the product by 3, and the quotient will be dollars, &c.* EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 2451. New-Jersey, &c. currency, to federal money. £245×8=1960, and 1960÷3=$6531=$653, 33 cts. NOTE. When there are shillings, pence, &c. in the given sum, reduce them to the decimal of a pound, then multi ly and divide as above, &c. 2. Reduce 367. 11s. 8d. New-Jersey, &c. currency, ta federal money. £36,5854 decimal value. 8 $ 3)292,6832(97,56106 Ans. £. 5. d. ANSWERS. 3. Reduce 240 0 0 to federal money 640 00 0 4. Reduce 125 8 7 61 334 40 7. Reduce 25 3 7. 8. Reduce 0 17 9 265 00 5+ 266 66 6+ 67 14 4 2 36 6,6 * A dollar is 7s. 6d. 90, in this currency-90-240-3-8 of a pound; there fore multiplying by 8, and dividing by 3, gives the dollars, cents, &c. CASE III. To reduce the currency of South-Carolina and Georgia, to Federal Money. RULE.-Multiply the given sum by 30, and divide the product by 7, the quotient will be the dollars, cents, &c.* EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 1007. South-Carolina and Georgia currency, to federal money. 1007. x30-3000; 3000÷7=$428,5714 Ans. 2. Reduce 54. 16s. 93d. Georgia currency, to federal 54,8406 decimal expression. noney. 30. fo reduce the currency of Canada and Nova-Scotia to Federal Money. RULE.-Multiply the given sum by 4, the product will be dollars. NOTE.-Five shillings of this currency are equal to a dollar; consequently 4 dollars make one pound. EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 1251. Canada and Nova-Scotia currency, to ederal money. 125 Ans. $500 4s. 8d. or 56d. to the dollar*=* of a pound; herefore x30÷7. H |