and crowned by Stephen, 231 and [r]; his donation to
the See of Rome, 232.

Peraldus, William, his works, and the fame he acquired,
iii. 241 and [m].

Perezius, attacks and refutes the Jews in xv cent. iii. 456.
Peripatetics, flourish in xvii cent. v. 78; meet with for-
midable adverfaries in Des Cartes and Gaffendi, 284.
Perkins, William, his treatises on morality and character,
iv. 429 and [o].

Perrault, account of his book on the morality of the Je-
fuits, v. 194, fub [w].

Perriers, Bonaventure des, a fuppofed infidel in xvi cent.
iv. 159.

Perfia, three perfecutions there by Sapor II. against the
Chriftians, i. 341.

Peter, Bishop of Ravenna, whence called Chryfologus, ii.
35 and [t].

Fullo (Fuller), rejects an opinion of Eutyches,
which he modifies, and excites troubles in the church,
ii. 80; founder of the fect called Theopafchites, 81 and
[2].

his fuperftitious zeal for a war to the Holy Land, ii.
439; forged letter from Heaven, to animate Chriftians
in the cause, ib. affembles a council at Placentia, and re-
commends the expedition against the Saracens of Palef
tine, 440; leads a principal divifion of the army, and
is defeated, 442.

Pence, what, and why fo called, ii. 495 [e].

of Celle, attacks the Scholaftics in xii cent. iii. 93.
the Chanter, oppofes' the Schoolmen, iii. 94 and
[•].

de Vineis, an account of the book faid to be written
by him, iii. 147.

I. Emperor of Ruffia, introduces a change into the
Ruffian church, v. 255; a patron of the Arts and
Sciences, 256; abolishes the penal laws against religious
differences, and declares himself fupreme head of the
church, ib. establishes a fynod at Petersburg, 257.
Peterfen, John William, his inventions and reveries in
xvii cent. v. 328; trange doctrine and fuccefs, 329,
330 and [s].

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Petit

Petit, his doctrine concerning the lawfulness of putting tyrant to death, iii. 417; and condemned as a deteftable herefy in the council of Conftance, and by the uni verfity of Paris, 418.

Petrarch, zealous in reviving the ftudy of the learned languages in xiv cent. iii. 306.

Petrobuffians, a fect in xii cent. iii. 116; doctrine held by them, ib. and [w].

Petrucci, Cardinal, a difeiple of Molinos, v. 235.

Petrus, Comeftor, his abridgment of the Scriptures, iii.

80.

Peucer, attempts to reform Lutheranifm, fubftituting Calvinifm in its place, iv. 341; his character and fufferings, ib. []; writings to promote his defign, 342 [t]; convocations by Auguftus at Drefden, 343; and at Torgaw, with the iffue, 344 and [x]; imprisoned, but is afterwards released, ib.

Peyrere, Ifaac la, his ftrange doctrine, v. 239; is caftinto prifon, renounces his errors publicly, and turns Papilt, ib.

Pezelius, his catechifm favourable to the fentiments of Calvin, iv. 343.

Pfaff, Matthew, zealous in projecting an union, between the Lutherans and Reformed in xvii cent, and good character, vi. 32 and [b]; opposed by the Lutherans, ibid.

Pharifees, their tenets, i. 42, 43; moral doctrines, 46; bad influence, 47.

Philadelphia, whence fo called, v. 475.

Philadelphian fociety, founded in xvii cent. and by whom, v. 516; opinions and chief members, 517.

Philip, father and fon, Emperors, favour Chriftianity, i 243; whether Chriftians themfelves, 244 and [d].

the Solitary, an eminent moral writer in xii cent. iii. 98.

the Fair, King of France, his conteft with Boniface VIII. iii. 313; vigorously oppofes papal power, ib. charges the Pope with enormous vices, 314; fends William de Nogaret to feize the Pope's perfon, ib. infills on the formal condemnation of Boniface, and procures the removal of the papal refidence from Rome to Avignon, 315.

Philip, of Heffe, unjustly detained prifoner by the Emperor Charles V. iv. 112; the perfidious behaviour of the latter on this account, with the doubt concerning it, 113 and [y].

Theodore, the chief of those who excited commotions in xvi cent. concerning excommunication, iv. 461. Philippicus, Bardanes, Emperor of the Greeks, efpoufes the cause of the Monothelites, ii. 260; orders a picture, reprefenting the council that condemned this fect, to be removed out of the church of St Sophia, ib. commands that no images of this nature be placed in the Latin churches; his edict rejected by Conftantine the Roman pontif, who excommunicates the Emperor, ib. is depriv ed of the empire, ib.

Philology, its flourishing ftate in xvi cent. iv. 160; its great importance, ib. 161 and [m]; cultivated among the Lutherans in xvii cent. v. 295.

Philfophers, obfcure the truth, i. 34; Oriental, their first principles, 86; divided in fentiments, 87; opinions concerning the Deity, 88; origin of the world, 80; the ftate and deftination of human fouls, 90; fome converted to Christianity, and their converfion if advantageous, confidered, 156; their efforts in iv cent. against Christianity, 334; prejudices thereby received, 335; who thefe are, 336; two great fects of them in xvii cent. v. 87; who adopted neither metaphyfical, nor mathematical fyftems, 94.

Philofophical fin, the doctrine of, what, iv. 230 [a]. Philofophy, two kinds prevailed at Chrift's birth, i. 33; the Eaftern not much known, 83; Oriental, properly fo called, what, 85; the fuccefs of the Platonic due to Plotinus in iii cent. 265; Platonic, moft prevalent in iv cent. 313; promoted by Julian, 344; its progrefs prevented by the incurfions of the Goths, ii. 21; Ariftotelian, revived in v cent. ib. but decried in vi cent 107; its deplorable ftate in vii cent. 168; Ariftotelian, flourishes in viii cent. 216; revived in ix cent. chiefly by the encouragement of Bardas, 237; confined within the circle of the Dialectics in xi cent. 464 and [m]; encouraged among the Greeks in xiicent. iii. 28 and [a]; three different methods of teaching it A a 3

in

in this cent. 36; aftrology mixed with it in xiv cent.
and confidered as magic, with the event, 310; Platonic
in high esteem in xv cent. 396; Ariftotelian, dangerous
to revealed religion, 398; its ftate in xvi cent. iv. 162;
in xvii cent. v. 282.

Philoftratus's comparison of Chrift with Apollonius Tya-
neus, i. 256; its pernicious confequences, 257.
Philotheus, his works, iii. 360.

Philoxenus, Bishop of Alexandria, rejects Eutyches's opi-
nion, and modifies it, ii. 80.

the Syrian, his tranflations of part of the Scriptures
into the Syriac language, ii. 126.

Phocas, made Emperor by unjust means in vii cent. ii. 156;
engages to give the Pope the title of Univerfal Bi-
shop, ib.

Photinus, Bishop of Sirmium, author of an heretical fect
in iv cent. i. 425; his erroneous notions concerning
the Trinity, ib. is degraded, and dies in exile, 426.
Photius, Patriarch of Conftantinople, his learning, ii. 286;
explains Aristotle, 287; his works and character, 312;
expofition of Scripture, not to be recommended as a
model to other commentators, 325 and [0, p]; first
controverfy between the Greeks and Latins on his ac-
count, 350; mutual excommunications, 351; the fe-
cond conteft, in which he is degraded, 352; engages the
Bishops to efpoufe his caufe, as a public caufe of the
church, 353; brings articles of herefy against the La-
tins, ib. and [y]; which are anfwered, 354; is resto-
red to his See by Bafilius the Macedonian, and with the
confent of the Pope, 355; neglecting to fulfil the con-
ditions made with the Pope, is excommunicated, and
again degraded. ib.; the Pope's unjust demands re-
jected by the Greeks, 356; hence difputes arofe, which
ended in a total feparation between the Greeks and
Latins, ib.

Phranza, George, his works, iii. 439,

Pichon, the Jefuit, renews the difpute concerning the fre-
quent receiving of the Eucharift, iv. 232; is cenfured
by the French Bifhops for it, ib.

Pictet, a French writer in xvii cent. v. 364; his moral
writings, ib.

Pietifm,

Peetifm, controverfy concerning, its rife in xvii cent. v
312; by whom begun, ib. Spener's privite meetings
and his noble defign in them, 313; his book of Pions,
Defires, for promoting vital religion, with abuses
thereon, ib. complaints against it, and commotions at
Leipfic, 314; biblical colleges founded, by whom, and
for what end 315; the name Pietifts to whom ̈ ap-
plied, ib. progress of these debates, 316; extravagant
fanaticifm, and confequence, 37, 318 and [m];
debates carried on with Spener and the divines of
Hall, ib. fubject of these debates, 319; firft, a tho-
rough reformation of the divinity schools proposed,
320; difputes that hence arose, 321; the fecond great
object of debate, whence arofe endless controverfies,
322; these Pietifts proceed ftill further in two points,
with the objections to them, ib. the third principal
object which they infifted on, 323; various characters
of these reformers, who endeavoured to promote piety
at the expence of truth, 324,

Pietifts, their order founded in xvii cent. v. 175.

reformed, account of, v. 315; laws enacted
against them, 318; their state in xviii cent. vi. 26.
Pilatus, Leontine, his zeal in reviving the study of the
Greek language in xiv cent. iii. 306.

Pin, Dr. Ellis du, Expofes the injuftice of the papal
claims, v. 151; account of the correfpondence carried
on between him and Archbishop Wake, relative to a
project of union between the English and Gallican
churches, vi. 68. See Wake.

Pifa, the famous council affembled at in xv cent. to ter-
minate the divifions in the papal empire, iii. 402; is
unfuccefsful, ib.

Pifcanus, Raynerius, his fummary of Theology, iii.
361.

Pifcator, John, his doctrine concerning the obedience of
Chrift, v. 371; is adopted by the Romish church, and
the Reformed in France, 372 [2], 374 [k].

Pifides. Gregory, his works, ii. 174.

Piftorius writes against the treaty of Paffau, iv. 293.
Pius II. Pope, his character, iii. 428; obtains the
abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction, 429 and [n];

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his

359