8. The beer gallon of 282 inches is retained in use only by custom. A bushel commonly estimated at 2150.4 cubic inches. SCALE-ascending, 60, 60, 24, 7; descending, 7, 24, 60, 60. 8760 525600 31536000 527040 31622400 154. The calendar year is divided as follows: No. of month. Season. Names of months. Abbreviations. No. of days NOTES. 1. The exact length of a solar year is 365 da. 5 h. 48 min. 46 sec. ; but for convenience it is reckoned 1 min. 14 sec. more than this, or 365 da. 6 h. 865 da. This day, in four years makes one day, which, every fourth, bissextile, or leap year, is added to the shortest month, giving it 29 days. The leap years are exactly divisible by 4, as 1856, 1860, 1864. The number of days in each calendar month may be easily remembered by committing the following lines : "Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November; All the rest have thirty-one, Save February, which alone Hath twenty-eight; and one day more We add to it one year in four." 2. In most business transactions 30 days are called 1 month. 1 3. The centuries are numbered from the commencement of the Christian era the months from the commencement of the year; the days from the commencement of the month, and the hours from the commencement of the day, (12 o'clock, midnight.) Thus, May 23d, 1860, 9 o'clock A. M., is the 9th hour of the 23d day of the 5th month of the 60th year of the 19th century. CIRCULAR MEASURE. 155. Circular Measure, or Circular Motion, is used principally in surveying, navigation, astronomy, and geography, for reckoning latitude and longitude, determining locations of places and vessels, and computing difference of time. Each circle, great or small, is divisible into the same number of equal parts, as quarters, called quadrants, twelfths, called signs, 360ths, called degrees, &c. Consequently the parts of unequal circles, although having the same names, are of unequal lengths. SCALE-ascending, 60, 60, 30, 12; descending, 12, 30, 60, 60. NOTES. 1. Minutes, of the earth's circumference are called geographic or nautical miles. 2. The denomination, signs, is confined exclusively to Astronomy. 3. A degree has no fixed linear extent. When applied to any circle, it is always part of the circumference. But, strictly speaking, it is not any part of a circle. 4. 90° make a quadrant or right-angle. 5 60° make a sextant or of a cirola. The terms folio, quarto, octavo, duodecimo, &c., indicate the number of leaves into which a sheet of paper is folded. A sheet folded in 2 leaves is called a folio. A sheet folded in 4 leaves a quarto, or 4to. 75 words make 1 folio or sheet of common law. 160. An Aliquot Part of a number is such a part as will exactly divide that number; thus, 3, 5, 7 are aliquot parts of 15. NOTE. An aliquot part may be a whole or mixed number, while a factor must be a whole number. |