19. How many pounds of sugar, at 9d. per pound, must be given for 18 bushels of apples, at 2s. 7d. per bushel? Ans. 62 pounds. 20. Bought 3 casks of catawba wine, each cask containing 64 gallons, at 7s. 9d. per quart, Ohio currency; what was the cost of the whole? Ans. $744. 21. What will it cost to build 150 rods of wall, at 3s. 8d. per rod, Canada currency? Ans. $110. 22. How many pounds of butter, at 18d. a pound, must be given for 12 pounds of tea, at 5s. 4d. a pound? Ans. 42 pounds. 23. What will be the cost of 4 hogsheads of molasses, at 1s. 2d. per quart, Mississippi currency? Ans. $196. 24. A farmer exchanged 28 bushels of barley, worth 5s. 8d. a bushel, with his neighbor, for corn worth 7s. a bushel;⚫ how many bushels of corn was the barley worth? Ans. 22 bushels. 25. What will a load of wheat, measuring 45 bushels, be worth at 11s. a bushel, Kentucky currency? Ans. $82.50. 26. What will 12 yards of Irish linen cost, at 4s. 9d. a yard, Pennsylvania currency? Ans. $7.60. 27. Bought the following bill of goods of Tradewell & Co.; how much did the whole amount to, New York cur rency? 4 yards of cloth at 5s. 6d. per yard, PERCENTAGE. 179. Per cent. is a term derived from the Latin words per centum, and signifies by the hundred, or hundredths, that is, a certain number of parts of each one hundred parts, of whatever denomination. Thus, by 5 per cent. is meant 5 cents of every 100 cents, $5 of every $100, 5 bushels of every 100 bushels, &c. Therefore, 5 per cent. equals 5 hundredths=.05=180=20. 8 per cent. equals 8 hundredths=.08-180=28. 180. Percentage is such a part of a number as is indicated by the per cent. 181. The Base of percentage is the number on which the percentage is computed. 182. Since per cent. is any number of hundredths, it is usually expressed in the form of a decimal or a common fraction, as in the following 183. To find the percentage of any number. 1. A man having $120, paid out 5 per cent. of it for groceries; how much did he pay out? OPERATION. $120 .05 $6.00 ANALYSIS. Since 5 per cent. is 100 .05, he paid out .05 of $120, or $120X05 -$6. Hence the RULE. Multiply the given number or quantity by the rate per cent. expressed decimally, and point off as in dec imals. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. Ans. $12. Ans. $5.25. Ans. 3.9 gal. Ans. 18 sheep. 2. What is 4 per cent. of $300? 3. What is 3 per cent. of $175? 4. What is 5 per cent. of 450 pounds? 5. What is 6 per cent. of 65 gallons? 6. What is 9 per cent. of 200 sheep? 7. What is 7 per cent. of $97? 8. What is 10 per cent. of $12.50 ? 9. What is 40 per cent. of 840 men? 10. What is 25 per cent. of 740 miles? 11. A man having $4000, invests 25 per land; what sum does he invest? Ans. $6.79. Ans. 336 men. cent. of it in Ans. $1000. 12. A man bought 1500 barrels of apples, and found on opening them that 12 per cent. of them were spoiled; how many barrels did he lose? Ans. 180 barrels. 13. A farmer having 180 sheep, sold 45 per cent. of them and kept the remainder; how many did he sell and how many did he keep? Ans. He kept 99. 14. Having deposited $1275 in bank, I draw out 8 per cent. of it; how much remains? Ans. $1173. 184. An Agent, Factor, or Broker, is a person who trausacts business for another. 185. A Commission Merchant is an agent who buys and sells goods for another. 186. Commission is the fee or compensation of an agent, factor, or commission merchant. 187. To find the commission or brokerage on any sum of money. 1. A commission merchant sells butter and cheese to the amount of $1540; what is his commission at 5 per cent.? OPERATION. $1540X.05 $77, Ans. ANALYSIS. Since the commission on $1 is 5 cents or .05 of a dollar, on $1540 it is $1540X.05-$77. Hence the RULE. Multiply the given sum by the rate per cent. expressed decimally; the result will be the commission or brokerage. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 2. What commission must be paid for collecting $3840, at 3 per cent.? Ans. $115.20. 3. A commission merchant sells goods to the amount of $5487.50; what is his commission, at 2 per cent.? Ans. $109.75. 4. An agent buys 5460 bushels of wheat at $1.50 a bushel; how much is his commission for buying, at 4 per Ans. $327.60. cent. ? 5. A commission merchant sells 400 barrels of potatoes at $2.25 a barrel, and 345 barrels of apples at $3.20 a bar rel; how much is his commission for selling, at 5 per cent.? 6. An agent sold my house and lot for $6525; what was his commission at 2 per cent.? PROFIT AND LOSS. 188. Profit and Loss are commercial terms, used to express the gain or loss in business transactions, which is usually reckoned at a certain per cent. on the prime or first cost of articles. 189. To find the amount of profit or loss, when the cost and the gain or loss per cent. are given. 1. A man bought a horse for $135, and afterward sold how much did he him for 20 per cent. more than he gave; gain? OPERATION. $135.20=$27, Ans. ANALYSIS. Since $1 gains 20 cents, or 20 per cent., $135 will gain $135X.20-$27. Hence the RULE. Multiply the cost by the rate per cent. expressed decimally. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 2. Bought a horse for $150, and sold him at 15 per cent. profit; how much was my gain? Ans. $22.50. 3. Bought 25 cords of wood at $3.50 a cord, and sold it so as to gain 33 per cent.; how much did I make ? Ans. $28.87. 4. Paid 7 cents a pound for 2480 pounds of pork, and afterward lost 10 per cent. on the cost, in selling it; how Ans. $17.36. much was my whole loss? 5. Bought 1000 bushels of wheat at $1.25 a bushel, and sold the flour at 18 per cent. advance on the cost of the Ans. $225. wheat; how much was my whole gain? 6. A grocer bought 6 barrels of sugar, each containing 220 pounds, at 7 cents a pound, and sold it at 20 cent. profit; how much was the whole gain? per Ans. $19.80. |