with Holy Communion, choral, 10.30; Evening Service, 3.15 and 7. On week days, except Good Friday, Ascension Day, and Christmas Day: Holy Communion (north-west chapel) 8; Morning Prayer (crypt chapel) 8; Morning Prayer, choral, 10; Short Service (northwest chapel) 1.15. Evening Prayer, choral, 4; Short Service (northwest chapel) 8. Unless otherwise stated the services are held in the choir, the entire area of the cathedral being available for worshippers. On St. Paul's Day, January 25, a selection from Mendelssohn's oratorio of St. Paul is performed with a full orchestra and a largely augmented choir, and on Tuesday in Holy Week Bach's Passion Music is given in like manner. During Lent the mid-day service is held in the choir, when a course of sermons, each course lasting a week, are given by eminent preachers. The services are always well-attended, about 800 persons being generally present at the daily evensong. Under Sir John Stainer, who was organist for several years, the services attained a high degree of musical excellence. On the Fridays in Lent the service is sung without the organ, and is well worth hearing. The annual meeting of the children of the Charity Schools of London has been discontinued since 1867, in consequence of the interruption to the service, rendered necessary by the erection of a huge gallery round the dome area. Haydn said that the most powerful impression he ever received from music was from their singing of the "Old Hundredth." Paul's Bake-House Court, on the west side of GODLIMAN STREET, PAUL'S CHAIN, was so called from the bakehouse "employed in baking of bread for the Church of Paul's."1 On the west side of the street now called Godliman Street stood the bakehouse : it was a large building, and its place is still identified by Paul's Bakehouse Yard. The brewery probably adjoined it. There was a mill for grinding the corn, worked by horses. There were four servants in the bakehouse, three in the brewery, and two at the mill, besides a clerk of the receipts. The brewery and the bakehouse were under the charge of an officer, the Custos Bracini.-Domesday of St. Paul's, 1222 ed. Archdeacon Hale (Camden Society, 1858, p. 48). Here was the office of the Registrar of the High Court of Admiralty, now transferred to the Royal Courts of Justice, Somerset House. The brewhouse attached to the Cathedral was converted into the Paul's Head Tavern.2 Paul's Chain, south side of ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD to CARTER LANE, a street so called from a chain or barrier drawn across the carriage-way of St. Paul's Churchyard, to preserve silence in the Cathedral during the hours of public worship. Stow (p. 137) refers to the "south chain of Paul's." The north chain is a barrier of wood. Edward Cocker ("according to Cocker") taught the arts of writing and arithmetic, "in an extraordinary manner," at "his dwelling on the south side of St. Paul's Church, over against Paul's Chain;" and here, in 1660, he wrote The Pen's Transcendancy, an interesting illustration of his extraordinary skill in the art of writing well. 1 Stow, p. 137. 2 Ibid., p. 137. So [they] going downe by Paules chaine, left the gentlemen going up toward Fleet Street.-R. Greene, Cony-catching. The Faculties Office for granting Licenses (by Act of Parliament) to eat flesh in any part of England, is still kept at St. Paul's Chain, near St. Paul's Churchyard.— The Kingdom's Intelligencer, No. 8, February 23, 1663. Paul's (St.) Churchyard, the irregular area, lined with houses, encircling St. Paul's Cathedral and burial-ground, of which the side towards the Thames is commonly called the bow, and the side towards Paternoster Row the string. The original statue of Queen Anne, before the west front of the church, was the work (1712) of Francis Bird, a poor sculptor, whose best work is his monument to Dr. Busby, in Westminster Abbey. It was the subject of an indifferent copy of verses, by a poet who could write better things, Sir Samuel Garth, author of the Dispensary. A couplet will suffice as a specimen of the whole : With grace divine great Anna's seen to rise An awful form that glads a Nation's eyes. In the area of St. Paul's Church is a noble statue erected of the late Queen in marble, though I cannot say it's extremely like Her Majesty, yet it is very masterly done, with her Crown on her head, her sceptre and globe in her hands, and adorned with her Royal Robes and ensigns of the garter. Round her Pedestal are four fine figures, also in marble, representing Great Britain, France, Ireland, and America. -Macky, A Journey through England, 8vo, 1722, vol. i. p. 280. The old statue, which was worn out, has been replaced by a copy in At the east end of the Cathedral was St. Paul's School, and on the string or northern side is the Chapter-house of the Cathedral. Paul's Churchyard was one of the places examined for lodgings for the retinue of Charles V. previous to his coming to London in 1522, and we learn from the return the kind of houses occupied by one or two noted residents : Maister Lylly, scole maister: i hall, iiij chambers, iiij feather beddes, i kitchin, and other necessaries. Poloderus [Polydore Vergil] in Paules Churche Yarde: hall, parlour, iiij chambers, iiij beddes with all necessaries. Before the Fire, which destroyed the old Cathedral, St. Paul's Churchyard was chiefly inhabited by stationers, whose shops were then, and till the year 1760, distinguished by signs. The Cronycle of England, folio, 1515, was printed by Julian Notary, "dwellynge in powles chyrche yarde besyde ye weste dore by my lordes palyes." His sign was The Three Kinges. At the sign of the White Greyhound, in St. Paul's Churchyard, the first editions of Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis and Rape of Lucrece were published by John Harrison; at the Flower de Luce and the Crown appeared the first edition of the Merry Wives of Windsor; at the Green Dragon the first edition of the Merchant of Venice; at the Fox the first edition of Richard II.; at the Angel the first edition of Richard III.; at the Spread Eagle the first edition of Troilus and Cressida; at the Gun the first edition of Titus Andronicus; and at the Red Bull the first edition of Lear. Ben Jonson makes a reference to Purfoote the printer's sign, the Lucretia, in Paul's Churchyard : He makes a face like a stabbed Lucretia.1 Lucretia, "with the dagger at her breast and a ridiculous expression of agony in her face, formed a vignette to most of his books," and was stamped on their covers. The earliest English book of glees and catches, Pammelia: Musicke's Miscellanie of Pleasant Roundelays and Catches, was published in 1609 by William Burley, at the sign of the Spread Eagle, at the north door of St. Paul's. March 29, 1617.-Warrant to pay John Bill, Bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, £469:11:o for books.—Cal. State Pap., 1611-1618, p. 454. It also appears to have been famed thus early for trunkmakers :- For many a woefull wooden tenement For which the trunk makers in Paul's Church yard A large revénue this sad year have shared. Their living customers for trunks were fled They now made chests or coffins for the dead. Taylor (the Water Poet), The Fearful Summer, or London's Calamitie. After the Fire the majority of the stationers removed to Little Britain and Paternoster Row; but the Yard was not wholly deserted. At the "Bible and Sun," or No. 65 on the north side of St. Paul's Churchyard, one door west of Canon Alley, lived John Newbery, "the philanthropic bookseller," Goldsmith's "good-natured man, with the red-pimpled face," " to whose kind catering for the public we are indebted for the entertaining histories of Mr. Thomas Trip, Giles Gingerbread, and Little Goody Two Shoes. Here, for 60 guineas, Johnson (as agent for Goldsmith) sold the Vicar of Wakefield to Newbery's nephew. The site of Newbery's shop is now occupied by the publishing office of the Religious Tract Society. No. 81, the corner of Ludgate Hill, was the shop of Mr. Harris, another clever provider for the public entertainment in the same way, and, until 1889, occupied by Messrs. Griffiths and Farran. At No. 72 lived J. Johnson, the bookseller; and here in 1784 was published The Task, a poem by William Cowper. No. 62, one door east of Canon Alley, was F. and C. Rivingtons, as chronicled by Peter Pindar : In Paul's Churchyard, the Bible and the Key One like a Saint, and one with Cæsar's mien. In January 1757 Mrs. Carter was lodging at the house of Mr. Wallis, cabinetmaker, St. Paul's Churchyard. The house was "known as 'The Elephant,' and was situated opposite to the south door of the Cathedral." It was in St. Paul's Churchyard that Rowland Hill met William Huntington, S.S. (Sinner Saved), and ran away from him. 1 Cynthia's Revels, Act v. Sc. 2; and Gifford's note to the passage. 2 Vicar of Wakefield, chap. xviii. His dislike to the S.S. was so great that, as Southey tells us, he took up one of Huntington's books with a pair of tongs, and gave it in that manner to a servant to take downstairs and use it for lighting the fire. Campbell, the poet. June 2, 1819.-[At Longmans'] met Campbell and walked with him to a little bedroom he has taken in St. Paul's Churchyard, in order to consult medical advice about a complaint he has.-Moore's Diary. The following curious picture of St. Paul's Churchyard in the time of Cromwell is from a single half-sheet in the British Museum, dated May 27, 1651: Forasmuch as the Inhabitants of Paul's Churchyard are much disturbed by the souldiers and others, calling out to passingers, and examining them (though they goe peaceably and civilly along), and by playing at nine pinnes at unseasonable houres; These are therefore to command all souldiers and others whom it may concern, that hereafter there shall be no examining and calling out to persons that go peaceably on their way, unlesse they do approach their Guards, and likewise to forbeare playing at nine pinnes and other sports, from the houre of nine of the clocke in the evening till six in the morning, that so persons that are weake and indisposed to rest, may not be disturbed. Given under our hands the day and yeare above written. IOHN BARKESTEAD. BENJAMIN Blundell. This yard, it would appear, was famous for its trees. We have had here on Saturday night last and Sunday morning an exceeding high wind, such as seldom hath happened in any country. It hath blown down many houses in the country and many chimneys in this towne, the greatest Elme in Paul's Churchyard, and diverse Trees about the Charter-House and Westminster.— Sir John More to Sir Ralph Winwood, London, June 18, 1611. In the Chapter-house of St. Paul's (on the north side of the yard) was performed, in the reign of James II., the mock ceremony of degrading Samuel Johnson, chaplain to William, Lord Russell. The divines present purposely omitted to strip him of his cassock, which rendered. his degradation imperfect, and afterwards saved him his benefice. The churchyard was occasionally chosen as a place of execution for conspicuous offenders, for exposure in the pillory, and for the burning of heretical books. Major William, the loyalist, was on Friday, December 29, 1648, shot by order of the Council of the Army, "against the door that leadeth into St. Faith's Church."1 The Goose and Gridiron, London Yard (so called from London House, the residence of the Bishops of London), on the north side of St. Paul's, was a noted coaching inn, and the place where one of the first lodges of Freemasons was held from before 1716. Before the Great Fire the site was occupied by the Mitre Inn, a "musick house," famed for its concerts and musical parties. When rebuilt the new landlord gave it its present strange title, perverting according to Mr. Burn, "the Swan and Lyre, the crest and charge on the arms of the Company of Musicians, into the silly Goose and Gridiron." 2 The erection of warehouses on the site of St. Paul's School has 1 Mercurius Elenticus, December 26-January 2, 1648-1649. 2 Burn, London Traders' Tokens, p. 187. considerably altered the appearance of the east side of St. Paul's Churchyard. In 1888 considerable alterations were also made at the north-western corner. [See Queen's Arms Tavern ; St. Paul's School.] Paul's (St.) Coffee-house stood at the corner of the entrance from St. Paul's Churchyard to Doctors' Commons, on the site of Paul's Brewhouse and the Paul's Head Tavern. Here, in 1721, Dr. Rawlinson's books were sold. "They sold," says Thoresby, "at a prodigious rate." 1 The sale took place in the evening, after dinner. On Tuesday I will wait on you, by one o'clock, at St. Paul's Coffee House, by Doctors' Commons gate, from whence we may go down together at the tavern next door [which was Truby's].-Aaron Hill to David Mallet, June 2, 1743. Paul's (St.), Covent Garden, a parish church on the west side of the market, the design of which is attributed to Inigo Jones, begun 16312 at the expense of the ground landlord, Francis, Earl of Bedford, and consecrated by Juxon, Bishop of London, September 27, 1638. The great delay between the period of erection and the period of consecration was owing to a dispute between the Earl of Bedford and the Rev. William Bray, Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, on the right of presentation; the earl claiming it as his own, because he had built it at his own expense, and the vicar claiming it as his, because, not being then parochial, it was nothing more than a chapel of ease to St. Martin's. The matter was heard by the King in council, on April 6, 1638. May 10, 1638.-The new church in the Covent Garden is now at length to be consecrated. The King, upon a petition preferred unto his Majesty by the inhabitants thereof, put an end to the long dispute which hath been betwixt the Earl of Bedford and Mr. Bray, curate or Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. It must be a Chapel of Ease until a Parliament settle it a district parish. Mr. Bray must put in an under curate to serve the place. My Lord Bedford's £100 a year, and an house he builded for the minister in cure he presented will not be accepted.Garrard to Wentworth (Strafford Letters, vol. ii. p. 168). In 1645 the precinct of Covent Garden was constituted a separate parish. In consideration of the building and endowment of this church Oliver Cromwell remitted the sum of £7000 to the sons of the Earl of Bedford, out of the fines to which they were liable under the.Act to prevent the multiplicity of buildings in and about London.3 The church was repaired in 1688, and the exterior is thus described in Hatton's New View of London (1708): "The walls are of brick rendered over, but the coins are stone, rustic work." The portico, which had been altered and defaced by the parishioners, was restored by the Earl of Burlington in 1727, at a cost of between three and four hundred pounds: "it had cost the inhabitants about twice as much to spoil it."4 In 1788 the parish expended £11,000 in improving the building. An ashlering of Portland stone was added to the walls in 1 Thoresby's Diary, vol. ii. p. 365. 2 "In Covent Garden there is a particular parcel of ground laid out, in the which they intend to build a church or a chapel of ease."— Howes, ed. 1631, p. 1049. 3 Noorthouck, p. 733 note. 1727. |