RAND-MCNALLY PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC COMPLETE FOR ALL ORDINARY PURPOSES. A sound foundation; a sure superstructure. BY EDWIN C. HEWETT, LL. D., EX-PRESIDENT OF THE ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY. CHICAGO AND NEW YORK: RAND, MCNALLY & COMPANY. III. Manual of Arithmetic-Rand-McNally Series. By EDWIN C. HEWETT, LL. D. Designed for Normal Schools, Teachers' Institutes, Price, 50c COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY RAND, MCNALLY & CO. PREFACE. IN MAKING this book, the aim has been to justify its title, Practical Arithmetic. In pursuing this end, fundamental principles and processes have received large attention, and they have been amply illustrated by examples and explanations. Few rules have been given, but the pupil's power to appreciate what is required, and to find his own rules or processes, has been cultivated at every step. It would seem that the plan of structure in many, perhaps most, of our text-books on Arithmetic is to give the pupils a rule or formula for solving problems after they have been classified and arranged under appropriate "cases." It appears to be taken for granted that the pupil will have the ability to arrange and classify the problems he will meet in actual life, and to bring them under the proper remembered rule or formula. It need not be said that this book has not been made on that plan. The principles of Arithmetic are very few, and the fundamental processes are not numerous. It is of prime importance that the pupil should become thoroughly familiar with those principles and versed in those processes. He is then prepared to make the application directly to the practical problems in life as they arise, without waiting to find the class or case of the problem, and to evoke the appropriate rule from his memory. For this reason a large part of the problems in this book are given promiscuously, as they will arise in practical life. 66 What has been said will explain why much the larger part of the book is given to subjects which are often rather hurriedly and superficially treated in the earlier pages of some text-books. Furthermore, it will explain why comparatively little space is given to topics that often occupy a large place in the later pages of many books. No very large space is given to Percentage; no division into "cases" is made; no formulas for solution are given. Little is said about Partial Payments, Taxes, Duties, Partnership, or |