5. In fireproof construction expanded metal or wire laths are used instead of wooden ones. In plastering a room 30' x 21' and 11' high, deducting for 3 windows, each 7' x 3' 9", and for 1 door 10' x 10', how much more will fireproof construction cost at 70¢ per square yard than ordinary construction at 40¢?

6. If 1 gallon of stain will cover 400 square feet of soft wood, how much stain will be required to give a coat of stain to a white pine wainscoting 5 feet high around a room 20' x 17' 6'', deducting 75 square feet for openings?

7. In computing the bill for painting one side of a house 49 feet deep and 36 feet high, a painter, after deducting the area of 8 windows, each 3' x 8', charged 27 per square yard, and 50% for each window. Find the cost to the owner.

PAPERING AND CARPETING

316. Wall paper is sold in single rolls 8 yards long, or in double rolls 16 yards long. It is usually 18 inches wide. Consequently for such a width 2 strips are required for each yard of the distance around the room.

Fractional parts of rolls are not sold.

Borders or friezes are sold by the linear yard. They vary in width.

317. Carpeting is sold by the linear yard. It is usually 1 yard or of a yard in width.

Matting, oilcloth, linoleum, etc., are of various widths.

318. In practice it is not always worth while, or even possible, to compute the exact cost of papering or carpeting rooms. What is sought is the approximate cost, making liberal allowances for doors and windows, for matching patterns, etc.

No allowance for matching the pattern is necessary for the first strip.

WRITTEN EXERCISES

319. 1. A room 21' x 18' has 3 windows and 2 doors. How many strips of wall paper 18 inches wide are necessary to paper the walls of the room, deducting 2 for each window and 2 for each door?

2. The room is 9' high. Making allowance for matching and for the width of baseboard and border, it is found that 3 strips can be cut from a roll. Find the cost of paper for the room at

50 per roll.

3. How much does the border cost at 7¢

per foot?

4. In papering the ceiling the long way, a roll makes but 1 strip. How much does this paper cost at 35¢

per roll? 5. Find the expense of carpeting this room with carpet & yd. wide, costing 871 per yard, strips running the long way.

6. How much cheaper is it to paper a room 14' 8'' x 12' 9'' with double rolls that give 7 strips each, than with single rolls that give 3 strips each, if 8 strips are allowed for openings, the price per roll being 254, per double roll, 50¢?

7. A room in which I wish to lay matting 36" wide and costing 45 per yard is 14' x 18'. Is it cheaper to lay the matting the long or the short way, and how much cheaper?

8. Find the cost of enough linoleum 2 yards wide to cover the floor of an office 24' x 16' 4', at $1.17 per square yard, strips running the short way; the long way.

9. Find the cost of carpeting the New York State senate chamber 60' x 55' with Victoria Wilton carpet 27 inches wide at $2.35 per yard, making no allowance for matching the pattern.

10. A room 16' x 12' is to be covered with Axminster carpet 27 inches wide, costing $1.75 per yard. Allowing 9 inches for matching the pattern, how much carpet will be required? Find the cost, if the strips run the long way.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS

WRITTEN EXERCISES

320. 1. In getting sod for a park in an Illinois city, strips were cut 12" wide and 9' long, 80 strips making a wagon load. If the number of wagon loads was 250, how many square yards of sod were used?

2. The cost per square yard was: cutting 1.64, carting .94, laying 2.7, watering .64. Find the total cost of the sod.

3. Find the cost of excavating a cellar 28' × 45′ and 9′ deep, at 30 per cubic yard.

4. A short ton of Lehigh egg coal occupies about 35 cubic feet. What must be the depth of a car 30' x 8' to hold 40

tons?

5. Find the cost of making a brick sidewalk 12' × 318', including the following items. Find also, to the nearest cent, the cost per square yard.

Excavating and leveling ground, $4.75.

6 loads of sand at 40; carting, $6; spreading, $3.13.

Bricks, 38 per square yard, at $7.50 per thousand.

Labor, 1 man laying 53 square yards per day, at $3 per day.

6. Find the cost of asphalt paving for 405 feet of street 60 feet wide in a southern city, if the concrete foundation cost 65¢ per square yard and the asphalt $1.15 per square yard. 7. How much did it cost to construct a macadam road

long and 36 feet wide, at $.981 per square yard?

mile

8. Find the cost of paving the same road with asphalt at $2.36 per square yard.

9. One year 18,457 square yards of brick pavement were laid in the streets of Helena, Montana. If 58 brick were required for a square yard, how much did the brick cost at $20 per M?

10. How many brick are required for a wall 25' long, 12' high, and 3' thick, if 22 brick with mortar occupy 1 cubic foot? 11. Find the cost of the brick at $7.50 per M.

12. Find the cost of the wall at $12 per M brick, laid.

13. How many cubic yards of mortar are required, if 1000 brick are laid in .7 of a cubic yard of mortar?

14. Find the weight of the wall, if 1 cu. ft. weighs 125 lb.

15. How much will it cost to build a wall 80' long, 4' high, and 3' thick of hollow concrete blocks 32" x 9" × 12", costing 25 each, laid?

16. The front wall of a house 22' wide and 54' high was of ashlar (cut stone) masonry 2' thick. Deducting for openings, find the cost of the wall at $25.20 per cubic yard.

17. Find the cost, at 50¢ per square foot, of dressing a stone door step 5' long, 3' wide, and 7'' thick, on the top, ends, and one long side.

18. How many cubic yards were there in a concrete wall 5′ high, 2' thick, and 54' long?

19. If 1 cubic yard of this concrete consisted of 14 barrels of cement of 32 cubic feet each, twice as much sand, and four times as much broken stone, how many barrels of cement and how many cubic yards of sand and stone were used in all?

20. The cement cost the contractor $2 per barrel; the sand 25¢ per cubic yard for loading, 20¢ for carting, and 15¢ for screening; and the broken stone 90 per cubic yard. If $1 was the additional cost per cubic yard for mixing and laying the concrete, find the total cost to the contractor.

21. The specific gravity of clay is about 1.2. Find the weight of a cubic yard of clay.

22. The specific gravity of lead is 11.35. What is the value of a cubic foot of lead at 41 per pound?

23. A body immersed in water is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of water displaced. If a man's body occupies 21 cubic feet of space, how much will he be buoyed up when swimming in fresh water? in salt water, specific gravity 1.03 ?

24. How much less force is required to lift a stone 5' x 2' x 1' to the surface of a stream than to lift it out?

25. A floating timber 20' long and 1' square is three fourths submerged. The water displaced weighs as much as the timber. Find the weight of the timber and its specific gravity.

The speed of vessels at sea is measured in nautical miles, or knots, per hour. The U. S. Coast Survey knot is 6080.27 feet, or about the length of 1' of arc on the equator.

A sailor at the stern of a vessel throws overboard a log, or float, that remains stationary as the vessel proceeds. He then counts the number of knots of the line that are reeled out in a given time, usually 28 or 30 seconds. These knots are at such distances apart that the number reeled out in the given time is equal to the number of nautical miles an hour the ship is sailing. Thus, if the log falls behind 14 knots while the sand in the glass runs out, the ship is sailing 14 knots an hour. In the following use

1 knot = 1.15 statute miles.

26. When a 30-second sand glass is used the knots are approximately 50 ft. 8 in. apart. If the Brooklyn is making 22 knots an hour, how many feet per second is she sailing? How many statute miles an hour is she sailing?

27., The new turbine Cunard steamships average 241 knots an hour. How many statute miles do they sail in a day?

28. The cruiser Washington in a 4-hour trial made an average speed of 22.27 knots per hour. How many statute miles, to the nearest hundredth, did she travel per hour?

29. A ship sailed on the equator from 21° 50' west longitude to 28° 14' west longitude in 24 hours. Find her approximate speed in knots per hour.