Bigger Than Chaos: Understanding Complexity Through ProbabilityHarvard University Press, 30 Ιουν 2003 - 413 σελίδες Many complex systems—from immensely complicated ecosystems to minute assemblages of molecules—surprise us with their simple behavior. Consider, for instance, the snowflake, in which a great number of water molecules arrange themselves in patterns with six-way symmetry. How is it that molecules moving seemingly at random become organized according to the simple, six-fold rule? How do the comings, goings, meetings, and eatings of individual animals add up to the simple dynamics of ecosystem populations? More generally, how does complex and seemingly capricious microbehavior generate stable, predictable macrobehavior? |
Περιεχόμενα
The Simple Behavior of Complex Systems | |
12 Enion Probability Analysis | 10 |
13 Towards an Understanding of Enion Probabilities | 25 |
The Physics of Complex Probability | 36 |
21 Complex Probability Quantified | 37 |
22 Microconstant Probability | 45 |
23 The Interpretation of ICVariable Distributions | 68 |
24 Probabilistic Networks | 71 |
3A Conditional Probability | 211 |
3B Proofs | 212 |
The Simple Behavior of Complex Systems Explained | 247 |
41 Representing Complex Systems | 248 |
42 Enion Probabilities and Their Experiments | 249 |
43 The Structure of Microdynamics | 251 |
44 Microconstancy and Independence of Enion Probabilities | 261 |
45 Independence of Microdynamic Probabilities | 273 |
25 Standard ICVariables | 79 |
26 Complex Probability and Probabilistic Laws | 94 |
27 Effective and Critical ICValues | 99 |
2A The Method of Arbitrary Functions | 116 |
2B More on the Tossed Coin | 120 |
2C Proofs | 125 |
The Independence of Complex Probabilities | 137 |
31 Stochastic Independence and Selection Rules | 138 |
32 Probabilities of Composite Events | 139 |
33 Causal Independence | 143 |
34 Microconstancy and Independence | 148 |
35 The Probabilistic Patterns Explained | 159 |
36 Causally Coupled Experiments | 161 |
37 Chains of Linked ICValues | 176 |
46 Aggregation of Enion Probabilities | 284 |
47 Grand Conditions for Simple Macrolevel Behavior | 290 |
48 Statistical Physics | 291 |
49 Population Ecology | 317 |
Implications for the Philosophy of the HigherLevel Sciences | 331 |
52 HigherLevel Laws | 337 |
53 Causal Relevance | 344 |
54 The Social Sciences | 349 |
55 The Mathematics of Complex Systems | 353 |
Notes | 361 |
Glossary | 385 |
References | 395 |
401 | |
Άλλες εκδόσεις - Προβολή όλων
Bigger than Chaos: Understanding Complexity through Probability Michael Strevens Περιορισμένη προεπισκόπηση - 2009 |
Συχνά εμφανιζόμενοι όροι και φράσεις
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Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics and Logic, Τόμος 1 Giandomenico Sica Περιορισμένη προεπισκόπηση - 2005 |