CASE II.

When the tare is at so much for each box, cask, bag, &c. that contains the goods, multiply the tare of one by the number of boxes, bales, &c., and subtract the product from the gross, the remainder will be the net.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 5 hhds. of sugar, each weighing 9cwt. 3qrs. 17lbs. gross, tare 78lbs. per hogshead, how much net?

lbs.

17 gross of 1 hogshead.

5

1 gross weight of 5 hogsheads. 26 whole tare of 5 hogsheads.

3 net.

2. What is the net weight of 12 tubs of butter, each weighing 1cwt. 2qrs. 11lbs., tare per tub 17 pounds? Ans. 17cwt. 1qr. 12lbs. Note. It has now become a general custom and law; to call 100lbs. of almost every article of merchandize a hund red weight, instead of 112lbs. as formerly practiced, and in the following examples this custom is adopted.

3. In 285 barrels of raisins, each weighing 1cwt. 3qrs. 15lbs., tare per barrel 16lbs., how many pounds net?

Ans. 49590lbs. 4. In 17 bags of coffee, each weighing 97 pounds 5oz., tare per bag 3 pounds 7oz., how much net?

Ans. 15cwt. 3qrs. 20lbs. 14oz. 5. What is the net weight, and value, of 8 hogsheads of tobacco, each 9cwt. 2qrs. 21lbs. gross, tare per hogshead 96 pounds, net at 83 cents per pound?

Ans. Net 7000 pounds.

Value $612,50. 6. Sold 15 hogsheads of sugar, each weighing 8cwt. 3qrs. 17lbs., tare per hogshead 45lbs.; required the net weight, and its value at 73 cents per pound.

Ans. Net 12705. Value $984,633.

CASE III.

When the tare is at so much per cwt., divide the given quantity by the aliquot parts of a hundred weight for the

tare, which subtract from the gross the remainder will be the net.

EXAMPLES.

• Note. The examples in this Case are predicated on the modern custom of counting 100lbs. to the cwt.

1. In 10 casks of rice, each 4cwt. 2qrs. 15lbs., tare per ewt. 10lbs., what is the net?

2. What is the net weight of 9 barrels of potash, each weighing gross 2cwt. 3qrs. 18lbs., tare 124lbs. per cwt.? Ans. 23cwt. Oqr. 7lb. 6oz.

3. Bought 43cwt. 2qrs. 20lbs. of sugar, tare per cwt. 10 pounds; required the net weight, and its value at 8dols. 33cts. per cwt. Net 39cwt. 1qr. 8lbs. Value $327, 61c. 8m.

Ans.

{Value

4. What is the net weight, and value, of 24 barrels of figs, each 1cwt. 3qrs. 22lbs., tare per cwt. 124lbs., at 7 cents per pound? Net 41cwt. 1qr. 12lbs. Value $289,59cts.

Ans.

{

5. In 83cwt. 3qrs. 15lbs. gross, tare per cwt. 15lbs., what Ans. 71cwt. 1qr. 6lbs.

is the net weight?

Questions.

Áre there any such allowances now made as "Tret and Cloff?

1. What is Gross weight? 2. What is Tare?

3. What is Net?

I. If the question be an Invoice, how

do you find the net weight?

II. When the tare is so much per box. cask, bag, &c., how do you find the net weight?

III. When the tare is at so much per cwt., how do you find the net weight?

BARTER

Is the exchanging of one commodity for another; and directs merchants and traders how to make an exchange without loss to either party.

RULE.

Find the value of the article whose quantity is given; then find what quantity of the other article, at the proposed rate can be bought for the same money.

EXAMPLES.

1. What quantity of sugar, at 11cts. per pound, must be given for 11lbs. of indigo, at $2,50 per pound?

First see what 11lbs. of indigo will come to at $2,50 per pound. Thus, $2,50 × 11=$27,50. Then $27,50cts. 11cts. 250lbs. Answer.

2. How much tea, at $,38 per lb., must be given for 24bush. of wheat, at $1,25 per bushel? Ans. 7818lbs. 3. How much salt, at $1,50 per bushel, must be given for 15bush. of oats, at $,37 per bushel? Ans. 3bu. 3pks. 4. A man sold 356lbs. of pork, at 8 cents per pound, for which he received 10 dollars in money, and the rest in corn at $,75 per bushel; how much corn did he receive? Ans. 241 bushels. [Find what 356lbs. of pork will come to, then deduct the $10 from that sum; then find how many bushels may be had for the remainder.]

5. How much rice, at $4,68 per cwt., must be given for 3 hundred weight of raisins, at 8cts. per pound?

58

Ans. 6cwt. 2 quarters 22 pounds, 6. A and B bartered, A had 250lbs. of sugar, at 11cts. per pound, for which B gave him 11lbs. of indigo; what was the indigo rated at per pound? Ans. $2,50.

7. A delivered B 3 hogsheads of brandy at $1,08 per gallon, for 135 yards of cloth; what was the cloth per yard? Ans. $1, 51cts. 2 mills. 8. A farmer delivered to a merchant 5 cords of wood, at $6,50 per cord; in pay he received 16 gallons of molasses at $,37 per gallon, 2 barrels of flour at $6,25 per barrel, 2yds. of broadcloth at $4,374 per yd., and the rest in money; how much money did he receive? Ans. $51.

The ready money and barter price of one article, and the ready money price of the other given, to find its barter price. 9. A has linen cloth worth $,42 per yard, ready money, but in bartering he will have $,50 per yard; B has broad

cloth worth $4,50 per yard, ready money; at what price ought B to rate his broadcloth per yard to be in proportion to A's bartering price?

As 42: 50: 450: 535-$5, 35 cts. Therefore, B must rate his broadcloth at $5,355 per yard, to be in proportion to A's bartering price.

10. A has 240 bushels of rye, at $0,90 per bushel, which he barters with B at $0,95 per bushel, for wheat worth $1,12 per bushel, ready money; what ought B to rate his wheat at per bushel to be in proportion to A's bartering price, and how many bushels of wheat must A receive for his 240 bushels of rye ?

Ans. {Bartering price of B's wheat $1,183.

A must receive 1929 bushels.

LOSS AND GAIN

Is a rule by which merchants and traders discover their profit or loss in trading. It also instructs them how to rise or fall in the price of their goods, so as to gain or lose so much per cent, &c.

EXAMPLES.

1. Bought 35 yards of broadcloth for $131, 25cts., and sold it again at $4, 25cts. per yard; what did I gain on the whole? Ans. $17,50. 2. Bought a hogshead of sugar, containing 83cwt. for $67,60, and sold it out at 10cts. per pound; what did I gain on the whole ? Ans. $35,30. 3. Bought 125 yards of cambric for $62, 50cts., and sold it again at $0, 45cts. per yard; how much did I gain or lose on the whole? and how much on each yard?

Lost on the whole $6,25, Ans. On each yard $0,05.

4. Bought a chest of tea, weighing 75lbs., at 31 cts. per lb. and sold it again at 42cts. per pound; did I gain or lose, and how much? Ans. Gained $7,873.

5. Bought a hogshead of rum containing 120 gallons, at 56cts. per gallon: paid for duties $6,00, and for carting $2,00, and by accident 10 gallons leaked out; at what rate

must I sell the remainder per gallon, to gain $25 on the whole ? Ans. $0, 91c. 0m.+

2. To know how a commodity must be sold, to gain or lose so much per cent.

RULE.

Multiply the given sum by the rate per cent, written as a decimal fraction, and to the product add the given sum for the gain per cent, but subtract for the loss per cent.

EXAMPLES.

1. If I buy wine at $1,50 per gallon, how must I sell it per gallon, to gain 25 per cent?

$1,50

2. Bought broadcloth at $3,75 per yard, but being damaged I am willing to sell it so as to lose 12 per cent; what must I sell it at per yard? Ans. $3,30. 3. Bought tea at 54 cents per pound; how must I sell it pound so as to gain 12 per cent? Ans. $0,60,7 m. per 4. Bought a hogshead of sugar weighing 8cwt, at $7 50cts. per cwt.; how much must I sell the whole for, to gain 30 per cent? Ans. $82, 87c. 5m. 5. If 350bbls. of flour cost $2275, what must it be sold per barrel to gain 15 per cent? Ans. $7,47.

6. Bought 120 gallons of wine at $1,08 per gallon, but by accident 10 gallons leaked out; at what rate must I sell the remainder per gallon, to gain upon the whole prime cost at the rate of 9 per cent? Ans. $1, 28c. 4,2m.+

3. The prices at which goods are bought and sold being given, to find the rate per cent of gain or loss.

RULE.

First see what the gain or loss is by subtraction; then as the price it cost is to the gain or loss, so is $100 to the gain or loss per cent