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Researches in Greece and the Lebant.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
CHAP. I.
P. 1
CALAMITIES OF TURKEY
Turkey the most unhappy of all countries-Deserted Burial-grounds
-Desolations of Ephesus-Laodicea-Sardis-Diminution of
population at Constantinople-Corfu-Ægina - Colossæ-
Discovery of Apamea and Sagalassus-Site of Antioch of
Pisidia, and other places mentioned in Scripture, not yet dis-
covered-Reflections-Destruction of the Janissaries-Mas-
sacre of Greeks-of Twenty-seven Samiots at Vourla -Total
desolation of Psara-Disappearance of Mahomedans and their
religion from the Morea-Unhappy condition of Women in
Turkey-Polygamy-- Slavery of Greek Females-Scene of
distress at Magnesia....
CHAP. II.
CALAMITIES OF TURKEY.
Desolate state of the Morea, illustrated by Scripture-Tripolitza,
and the open country, after the last incursion of Ibrahim Pasha
-Towns demolished-Soil in a state of devastation-High-
ways abandoned-Khans burnt-Cattle destroyed- Churches
in ruins-Olive-trees cut down-The inhabitants taking refuge
in caves and mountains-Fires in Turkey-Terrible conflagra-
tion at Constantinople in 1826-Families resident in the
tombs of the Ancient Eginetans-Reflections on the compa-
rative privileges of our country--Respect paid to Englishmen
in Turkey-Execution of Divine menaces against sin, exem-
plified in the sufferings of the Oriental Church, and in the de-
cline of Turkish power.......
7
25
CHAP. III.
RELIGION OF THE MODERN GREEKS.
Primitive and Modern Christianity of the East contrasted-Inade-
quate views of human danger-Greek Preachers-Justification
-Regeneration-Worship of the Virgin-Prayers addressed to
her-Titles given her-Practical confidence in her assistance,
evidenced during an action with Pirates-Worship of Saints-
St. Spiridion and other Patron Saints of the Ionian Islands—
Singular circumstance connected with the Worship of the Arch-
angel Michael at Colossæ-Facility with which new Saints are
worshipped-Two Spezziotes martyred at Scio, and sainted-
Modern Greek Martyrdoms....
CHAP. IV.
Picture-Worship-Description of the Pictures in Churches-Modes
of worshipping them-Pictures in Houses-Emolument and
imposition of Painters in the Sale of Pictures, illustrated by an
anecdote-Arguments against the Worship of Saints and Pic-
tures from the Septuagint-from Epiphanius-from Chryso-
stom-Greek ideas of Fasting-Fasts observed by Pirates-
The Four Lents- Articles of Food prohibited.
CHAP. V.
The Seven Mysteries or Sacraments-Baptism-Mode of immer-
sion-Classical Names given to Children-'The Chrism—
Transubstantiation recently introduced amongst the Greeks-
Mode of celebrating the Lord's Supper-Azymists and Enzy-
mists-Confession, and Absolution-Abuses arising from these
doctrines-Anecdote of a Monk who confessed to the Author
-Excess of precaution against the Marriage of Relatives-
The Holy Oil-Animosities of the Greeks and Latins-Proces-
sion of the Holy Ghost-View of Purgatory-Marriage of the
Clergy-Monasticism-Concluding Remarks..
...
39
59
69
CHAP. VI.
MORAL CHARACTER OF GREEKS.
Greek Character not inferior to Turkish-Violation of the Third
Commandment-Anecdote of a Greek Priest, who swore with
delight on procuring the New Testament- The Fourth Com-
mandment The Sixth-Dissensions during the Revolution-
Rival Chieftains of the Morea-Vengeance inflicted on Turks
-The Turk burnt alive by a Greek Woman-Union of Cru-
elty and Superstition at Spezzie- Instance of Generosity to
Turkish Prisoners-The Seventh Commandment-Divorces-
Kindness of Brothers to their Sisters-Freedom from Drunk-
enness- -Rapine and Piracy-Greek Klephts-Robbery of an
Ecclesiastic of Rank-Murder of a Bishop by the Maniotes-
Suppression of Piracy on the arrival of Capo d'Istria.....
CHAP. VII.
Falsehood of Greeks not superior to Turkish-Turkish False-
witnesses-Conduct of Sir Thomas Maitland to Greek Judges
-Illustration of St. Paul's Character of the Cretans-Disadvan-
tages under which the Oriental Clergy have laboured- Excel-
lent Character of two Greek Ecclesiastics, and interesting Ad-
venture with one of them in the Island of Cefalonia..
88
106
CHAP. VIII.
CEMETERIES, AND RITES OF BURIAL.
Turkish, Jewish, and Armenian Cemeteries at Smyrna and Con-
stantinople-Effect produced by the English Burial-Service in
Turkey-Greek Funerals-Illustration of the Miracle at Nain
-Persons buried alive-The last embrace of the deceased-
Professional Mourners- Inspection of graves at the close of
twelve months-Superstitious ideas concerning undecayed
corpses.
114
CHAP. IX.
MISSIONARY EXERTIONS IN TURKEY.
Preliminary Remarks-Introduction of the Scriptures into the Ori-
ental Church-The Greek Church, for ages, destitute of the
Scriptures in an intelligible language-Translation into Modern
Greek procured by Cyril Lucar-his Martyrdom-Hilarion's
Translation sanctioned by the Hierarchy-Scriptural circula-
lation encouraged by the Bishop of Talanta, and by the Arch-
bishop of Smyrna-Sale of Scriptures at Smyrna and Constan-
tinople-Scriptures exempted from Custom-House Duty at
Syra-Sale in Egina-Success of Joannes Lazarides-Intro-
duction of the Sacred Scriptures into the Schools-The Scrip-
tures read in several Churches in Tino-Church of the Panagia
in that island-Greek custom of citing the Scriptures, both in
public and private-Comparison of the Greek and Romish
Churches, in regard to the use of the Bible....
CHAP. X.
122
CIRCULATION OF TRACTS AND OTHER RELIGIOUS PUBLICATIONS.
Character of Greek Religious Treatises-Works of the Fathers, in
Manuscript, abundant in the Greek Monasteries-Writings of
Koraï-Interview with him at Paris-Publications of Bambas
-Welcome reception given to Tracts..
CHAP. XI.
EDUCATION, AND SCHOOLS.
Melancholy condition of Greek Schools-Absurd mode of instruc-
tion by the ancient language-The children bastinadoed, by
way of punishment-Thirst for education-Introduction of the
system of Mutual Instruction-Dr. Korck's flourishing School
at Syra-Diligence and animation of the children-A Build-
ing erected for the School, at the expense of the inhabitants—
Similar Schools set on foot in other Islands-Testimony to the
labours of Dr. Korck, from the Courier de Smyrne-Subse-
quent disappointment....
145
152
CHAP. XII.
PUBLIC PREACHING IN GREECE.
Sermons in the Church of the Panagia, in Ægina-Attendance of
persons of distinction-Singular expressions of feeling-Ser-
mon in Hydra-Description of that island-Hospitality and
friendship of Greeks-Appearance of the Congregation in the
"Church of the Monastery"-Feelings of the Author-Sub-
ject of the Sermon, derived from the passion for liberty-
Atrocious character of some of the Hydriotes-Massacre of
three hundred Turkish Slaves-Sermon in the Church of
Megaspelaion, with a description of that Monastery.
CHAP. XIII.
ENLIGHTENED GREEKS,
........
164
Importance of inquiring for cases of individual conversion-Events
in the house of a picture-maker-Conversion of a Greek at
Constantinople-Conviction of the truth of Christianity, in the
case of two Members of the Greek Senate, and of the Prior
of a Monastery-Singular expression of a Greek Ecclesiastic
-Story of a Native of Zagora—Importance of a conciliatory
mode of address-Narrative of a painful disappointment..... 186
CHAP. XIV.
JEWS IN TURKEY.
Suffering condition of the Jews in Turkey-Their ill-treatment by
the Turks illustrated-Singular question proposed by a Persian
-The Shapgee put to death by the Grand Signor-Ill-treat-
ment of the Jews by the Greeks-Pardon asked for the men-
tion of a Jew-Massacre of the Jews at Tripolitza — Jews
weary of waiting for the Messiah-Anecdote of a Jew at Sa-
lonica-The Gospel at length preached to the Jews of the
Levant-Conversion and sufferings of three Jews at Constan-
Means of their conversion - Their concealment
Their apprehension and appearance before Turkish Authorities
-Visit paid them by the Author, in the prison of the Porte-
Their imprisonment in the Bagnio- Apostacy of one, and con-
stancy of the others-Future prospects....
tinople
202