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Of Measuring the Work of the feveral Artificers belonging to Building; as Carpenters, Bricklayers, Joyners, Plaiferers, Painters, Glaziers, Mafons, and Paviours.

T

Of CARPENTERS' Work.

HE Carppenters' Work is ufually measured by the Square of 100 Feet; that is, ten Feet in Length, and ten in Breadth, make a Square, either of Flooring, Partitioning, or Roofing; for measuring which, take this general Rule. Multiply the Length by the Breadth, and divide the Feet by 100; the Quotient is the Number of Squares: The Remainder, or Figures cut off, are Feet.

Exam. 1. A Floor being 47 Feet and 3 Inches long, 34 Feet and 9 Inches wide, how many Squares of Flooring does it contain?

F. I. P.

(47 F. 3 I. by 12. See Art. 51. 3 11 3 the Multiplicand for 9 Inches, found by dividing

47 3 34 9

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8 6

16/41 11

5 3 the Product of 3 F. 11 I. 3 P. by 9 Inches.

} the Product of 47 by 34.

theof 34 Feet, taken for the 3 Inches.

3 Anfwer 16 Squares, 41 Feet,

The

The Reader may change the Inches into the Decimals of a Foot, by Art. 48, and then perform the Operation decimally; which I leave for his Practice.

The 1641 Feet require no other Divifion, to reduce them to Squares, than cutting off two Figures to the right Hand, which is dividing by 100: The Inches and Parts are not regarded in these Measurements.

Exam. 2. Partitions betwixt divers Rooms being 10 Feet, 8 Inches high, 104 Feet, 6 Inches in Length; how many Squares are there contain'd in it?

8 8 6 the Multiplicand for 8 Inches, found by dividing (104 F. 6 I. by 12. See Art. 51.

104 6

8

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69 8

1040

5

o the Product of 8 F. 8 I. 6 P. by 81.
the Product of 104 F. by 10 F.

the Half of 10 Feet, taken for the 6 Inches. 11/14 8 o Answer 11 Squares, 14 Feet; the Truth of which the Reader may try by Decimals, for his own Practice.

Exam. 3. A House measured to the Outfide of the Walls 56 Feet, 9 Inches in Length, and 16 Feet, 10. Inches and a Half wide: How many Squares does the Roof contain?

Here it is to be obfèrved, that the moft common Proportion for the Length of the Rafters to the Width of the House, is as 3 to 4; this being ufually called the true Pitch: In this Cafe, the ufual Method is, to multiply the Dimenfions of the Flatts, and add the Half of the Product to it; this Flatt and Half are equal to the whole Roof.

F. I. P. S.

4

4 8 9 Multiplicand for 6 Parts, or + In. SeeArt.

8

9

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Multiplicand for 10 Inches,

Art.51.

6 the Product of 4 T. 8 P. 9 S. by 6 Parts. the Product of 4 F. 8I. 9 P. by 10 Inches. To multiply 16F. by 9I. for 6 I. take the

of 16 F. which is 8, and for the remaining 3 I. take the of 8 F. which is 4.

} the Product of 56 by 16.

336

56

957 7 10

6

478 9 II 3

Half.

34136 7 9 9 9

Answer 14 Squares, 36 Feet.
A a 2

If

If the Reader has any Mind to do this Operation decimally, he will find the Decimal of 10 Inches and a Half to be .875 for a Foot reduced to Half-Inches is 24, and 10 Inches redu ced to Half-Inches are 21; fo that 10 Inches are 24 or 7 of a Foot, which, by Art. 48, might be reduced to .875, the De cimal of 10 Inches.

But, when Roofs are made of a different Pitch, as is often the Cafe, the trueft Way of meafuring is by à Line thrown over, which takes the Dimenfions of both Sides of the Roof; this multiplied by the Length of the Building gives the true Content of the Roof: And, with Regard to Buildings that are hipt at one or both Ends, the Roof is of the fame Dimenfions as when ftraight rooft all the Way; fo that this makes no Difference: But, in measuring Floors and Partitions, the Doors, Windows, Stairs, &c. muft be meafured and deducted.

Of BRICKLAYERS' Work.

Brick-Work, as Walls and Chimnies, are measured by the Rod: A Rod is 16.5 Feet, the Square of which is 272.25 Feet, or 272 Feet and a Quarter, which is a Rod of Brick-Work: But Regard must be had to the Thickness of the Wall, for one Brick and a Half is the Standard; fo that, if a Wall be thicker or thinner than one Brick and a Half, it is ufually reduced to that, before it is computed in Rods. The Way to do this is, to multiply the Number of Feet in a Piece of Brick-Work by the Number of Half-Bricks in the Thickness of the Wall; this Product, divided by 3, gives the Content of the Wall in Feet, reduced to the Standard.

Exam. 1. A Wall being 64 Feet long, 18 Feet high, and four Bricks thick, how many Rods of Brick-Work are, contained in it, reduced to the Standard?

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In this Example, after reducing it to a Brick and a Half, I divide by 272, rejecting the fractional Part, as is ufually done in these Cafes, the Difference being inconfiderable: If the Feet remaining require it, they are usually divided by 68, the Feet in a Quarter of a Rod; and here the Anfwer may be II Rod one Quarter, the odd Feet may be allowed on Account of rejecting the Decimal in the Devifor.

In fome Places Brick-Work is measured by the Rod of 18 Feet fquare; in which Cafe the fquare Rod is 324 Feet; In others they make but 63 fquare Feet, called a Rood, viz. 21 Feet long, and 3 Feet high; and in this laft Way of meafuring, no Reduction is made of the Thickness, but that is allowed for in the Price: Therefore it must be inquired what Measure is to be used.

Exam. 2. A Wall being 12 Feet long, 34 Feet high, and 3 Bricks and a Half thick, how many Rods of BrickWork, át 18 Feet the Rod, are contained in it?

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A Quarter of this Rod is 81 Feet; therefore, dividing the remaining Feet by 81, I find it 17 Rods and a Half and 42 Feet.

The next Article in Bricklayers' Work is Tiling; which, being measured by the Square of 100 Feet, is much the fame with measuring the Roofs in Carpenters' Work; only there we measure but to the Qutfide of the Wall, but Bricklayers must be allowed for the Eaves; and therefore the best Way is to throw a Line over the Ridge, and measure from Eaves to Eaves on both Sides: They are also often allowed Double for Hipps and Vallies.

Exam. 3. A Roof cover'd with Tiles 48.75 Feet from Eaves to Eaves, and 54.5 Feet in Length, how many Squares of Tiling are contained in it?

F. I. P.

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Inftead of multiplying 54 Feet into 9 Inches, I divide the 9 Inches into 6, the Half of a Foot, and 3, the Half of that; then taking the Half of 54, which is 27, I place it under the Title Feet, and the Half of that for the 3 Inches, being 13 Feet and 6 Inches, I place them under their proper Titles, and proceed to multiply the 48 Feet by 54 Feet, as in common Multiplication.

Chimnies are measured as a Solid, by multiplying the Height by the Width, and that Product by the Depth, in each Story, only deducting the Vacancy of the Hearth; after which it may be reduc'd to Standard, in the fame Manner as was fhewn in measuring Walls, by multiplying the Number of Feet by the Number of Half-Bricks in the Depth, from the Front to the Back, and dividing the Product by 3, as was there taught: But, in regard the Depth of Chimnies is measured by FootMeasure, and a Foot is of a Brick and a Half, it will be a more ready Way to multiply the Number of Feet by 8, and divide the Product by 9, and the Quotient will be the Quantity of Brick-Work reduced to Standard; which then must be divided by 272, to bring it into fquare Rods.

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A Chimney being 10 Feet high, 6 Feet and 3 Inches wide, and 2 Feet deep, in the firft Floor; & Feet high, 6 Feet and 2 Inches wide, and 2 Feet deep, in the fecond Floor; 7 Feet high, 5 Feet and 9 Inches wide, and 2 Feet deep, in the third Floor; the Shaft 8 Feet high, 5 Feet wide, and 2 Feet deep; to find the Quantity of Brick-Work? the Vacancy in the Ground Floor being 4 Feet and 9 Inches wide, 4 Feet high, and Foot and 10 Inches deep; in the fecond Floor, the Hearth 4 Feet and 3 Inches wide, 3 Feet and 6 Inches high, and I Foot and 10 Inches deep; in the third Floor, 2 Feet and 6 Inches high, 1 Foot and 3 Inches wide, and 1 Foot and 10 Inches deep.

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F. I.

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