state board of labor and industries shall visit and inspect the places of employment mentioned in this act and shall ascertain whether any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this act, and shall prosecute violations thereof. They shall report to the school authorities any cases of children under sixteen years of age discharged for illegal employment. Any person shall have the right to prosecute violations of this act. [Acts, 1913, c. 831, § 18.]

473. Hours for boys engaged in street trades. No boy under sixteen years of age shall [sell, expose or offer for sale any newspapers, magazines, periodicals, or any other articles of merchandise of any description, or exercise the trade of bootblack or scavenger, or any other trade, Acts, 1913, c. 831, § 11] in any street or public place after nine o'clock in the evening or before five o'clock in the morning of any day, nor, unless provided with an employment certificate, during the hours when the public schools in the city where such boy resides, or the schools which such boy attends, are in session. [Acts, 1913, c. 831, § 15.]

474. Hours of labor of certain minors. No boy under the age of eighteen years and no girl under the age of twenty-one years shall be employed or permitted to work in, about or in connection with any [factory, workshop, manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment, barber shop, bootblack stand or establishment, public stable, garage, brick or lumber yard, telephone exchange, telegraph or messenger office or in the construction or repair of buildings, or in any contract or wageearning industry carried on in tenement or other houses, Acts, 1913, c. 831, § 1] for more than six days in any one week, nor more than fifty-four hours in any one week, nor more than ten hours in any one day, nor before the hour of five o'clock in the morning, nor after the hour of ten o'clock in the evening, nor in the manufacture of textile goods after the hour of six o'clock in the evening. [Acts, 1913, c. 831, § 9.] 475. Hours of labor for prison matrons. The hours of labor of officers, watchmen and matrons employed by counties in the prisons and reformatory institutions of the commonwealth shall not exceed eight a day, with the exceptions and subject to the provisions contained in section one of chapter four hundred and ninety-four of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and eleven, so far as the said exceptions and provisions are applicable. [Acts, 1914, c. 623.]

476. Night labor for women and minors. No person, and no agent or officer of a person or corporation, shall employ a woman or minor in any capacity for the purpose of manufacturing between ten o'clock at night and six o'clock in the morning. No person, and no agent or officer of a person or corporation engaged in the manufacture of textile goods, shall employ a woman or a minor before six o'clock in the morning or after six o'clock in the evening. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars for each offence. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 51.]

477. Meal hours. Women and young persons, five or more in number, who are employed in the same factory shall be allowed their meal times at the same hour, except that any such persons who begin work in such factory at a later hour in the morning than other such persons employed therein may be allowed their meal times at a different hour; but no such persons shall be employed during the regular meal hour in tending the machines or doing the work of any other women or young persons in addition to their own. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 67.]

478. Intervals from work for meals. No woman or young person shall be employed for more than six hours at one time in a factory or workshop in which five

or more such persons are employed without an interval of at least half an hour for a meal; but such person may be so employed for not more than six and one half hours at one time if such employment ends not later than one o'clock in the afternoon and if he or she is then dismissed from the factory or workshop for the remainder of the day; or for not more than seven and one half hours at one time if he or she is allowed sufficient opportunity for eating a lunch during the continuance of such employment and if such employment ends not later than two o'clock in the afternoon, and he or she is then dismissed from the factory or workshop for the remainder of the day. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 68.]

479. Exemptions from two preceding sections. The provisions of [paragraphs 477, 478] shall not apply to iron works, glass works, paper mills, letter press establishments, print works, bleaching works or dyeing works; and the [state board of labor and industries], if it is proved to [its] satisfaction that in any other class of factories or workshops it is necessary, by reason of the continuous nature of the processes or of special circumstances affecting such class, to exempt it from the provisions of the two preceding sections and that such exemption can be made without injury to the health of the women or young persons affected thereby, may, with the approval of the governor, issue a certificate granting such exemption, public notice whereof shall, without expense to the commonwealth, be given in the manner directed by said [board]. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 69.]

480. Immunity of employer in certain cases. If a minor or a woman shall, without the orders, consent or knowledge of the employer or of the superintendent, overseer or other agent of the employer, labor in a manufacturing or mechanical establishment, factory or workshop during a part of any time allowed for meals in such establishment, factory or workshop, according to the notice required by [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 48], and if a copy of such notice was posted in a conspicuous place in the room where such labor was performed with a rule of the establishment, factory or workshop forbidding such minor or woman to labor during such time, then neither the employer nor a superintendent, overseer or other agent of the employer shall be held responsible for such labor. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 70.]

481. Penalties. Whoever either for himself or as superintendent, overseer or agent violates the provisions of the four preceding sections shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 71.]

MISCELLANEOUS.

482. Seats to be provided for women and minor employees. Whoever employs women or children in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment shall provide for their use and permit them to use suitable seats whenever they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties of their employment, and shall also provide for their use and permit them to use suitable seats while they are at work, except in such cases and at such times as the work cannot properly be performed in a sitting position. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than thirty dollars for each offence. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 72, as am. by Acts, 1912, c. 96.]

The state board of [labor and are employed and shall make The rules shall relate to the

483. Employment of women in core rooms. industries] shall investigate core rooms where women rules regulating the employment of women therein. structure and location of the rooms, the emission of gases and fumes from ovens, and

the size and weight which the women shall be allowed to lift or work on. A copy of the rules shall be posted in every core room where women are employed. [Acts, 1912, c. 653, § 1.]

484. Enforcement of rules. — The [inspectors of the state board of labor and industries] shall, under the direction of the state board of [labor and industries], enforce any rules made in accordance with the provisions of [the preceding section]. [Acts, 1912, c. 653, § 2.]

485. Penalty.

Whoever violates any rule established under the provisions of [the two preceding paragraphs] shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars or more than five hundred dollars. [Acts, 1912, c. 653, § 3.1

486. Employment of pregnant women. - No woman shall knowingly be employed in laboring in a mercantile, manufacturing or mechanical establishment within two weeks before or four weeks after childbirth. [Acts, 1911, c. 229, § 1.]

487. Penalty. Violations of [the preceding section] shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars. [Acts, 1911, c. 229, § 3.]

488. Notice to be posted.

. . . Section [one, paragraph 486] shall be included in the notice with regard to the employment of women now required to be posted in mercantile, manufacturing and mechanical establishments, and the provisions thereof shall be enforced by the [state board of labor and industries]. [Acts, 1911, c. 229, § 2.]

489. Moving of heavy receptacles by female employees. - Boxes, baskets and other receptacles which with their contents weigh seventy-five pounds or over and which are to be moved by female employees in any manufacturing or mechanical establishment, shall be provided with pulleys, casters or some other mechanical device connected with such boxes or other receptacles so that they can be moved easily from place to place in such establishments. [Acts, 1913, c. 426, § 1, as am. by Acts, 1914, c. 241.1

490. Penalty. Whoever violates the provisions of [Acts, 1913, c. 426] shall be punished by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars for every day during which there shall be a failure to equip or provide such boxes, baskets or other receptacles with some one of the appliances specified in section one of this act. [Acts, 1913, c. 426, § 2.] 491. Employment forbidden where only one egress. Women or children shall not be employed, in a factory, workshop, mercantile or other establishment, in a room above the second story from which there is only one egress. [Acts, 1913, c. 655, § 20.]

.

A workshop in which five

492. Workshops to be properly ventilated. or more women or young persons are employed shall, while work is carried on therein, be so ventilated that the air shall not become so impure as to be injurious to the health of the persons employed therein and so that all gases, vapors, dust or other impurities injurious to health, which are generated in the course of the manufacturing process or handicraft carried on therein shall, so far as practicable, be rendered harmless. (For enforcement see paragraph 314.) [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 83.]

493. Appointment of women as special police officers.

The mayor of a city and the selectmen of a town may appoint one or more women as special police officers who shall have, within the limits of such city or town, all the powers conferred by law upon constables, except in relation to the service of civil process, and all the powers conferred upon the police as watchmen. [Acts, 1914, c. 510, § 1.]

494. Appointments to be subject to civil service rules. All appointments

made under [the preceding paragraph] shall be subject to the rules and regulations of the civil service. [Acts, 1914, c. 510, § 2.]

495. Medical chests in mercantile establishments where women or minors are employed. . . . Every person, firm or corporation carrying on a business in a mercantile establishment in which twenty or more women or minors are employed, shall [at all times keep and maintain free of expense to the employees] such medical and surgical chest as the state board of labor and industries may require. . . . [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 104, as am. by Acts, 1914, c. 557.]

496. Penalty.... A person, firm or corporation violating any provision of [the preceding paragraph] shall be punished by a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for every week during which such violation continues. [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 104, as am. by Acts, 1914, c. 557.]

WAGES.

(See also under Minimum Wage Commission, Public Employment, Women and Children, and Railroad Labor.)

497. Weekly payment of wages. Every person, firm or corporation engaged in carrying on a factory, workshop, manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment, mine, quarry, railroad or street railway, or a telephone, telegraph, express or water company, or any of the building trades, or the construction or repair of any railroad, street railway, road, bridge, sewer, gas, water or electric light works, pipes or lines, shall pay weekly each employee engaged in his or its business the wages earned by him to within six days of the date of said payment, but any employee leaving his or her employment, shall be paid in full on the following regular pay day; and any employee discharged from such employment shall be paid in full on the day of his discharge, or in the city of Boston as soon as the provisions of law requiring pay rolls, bills and accounts to be certified shall have been complied with; and the commonwealth, its officers, boards and commissions shall so pay every mechanic, workman and laborer who is employed by it or them, and every person employed by it or them in any penal or charitable institution, and every county and city shall so pay every employee who is engaged in its business the wages or salary earned by him, unless such mechanic, workman, laborer or employee requests in writing to be paid in a different manner; and every town shall so pay each employee in its business if so required by him; but an employee who is absent from his regular place of labor at a time fixed for payment shall be paid thereafter on demand. . . . [Acts, 1909, c. 514, § 112, as last am. by Acts, 1914, c. 247.]

498. Exemptions. . . . The provisions of this section shall not apply to an employee of a co-operative corporation or association if he is a stockholder therein unless he requests such corporation to pay him weekly. The [public service commission] after a hearing, may exempt any railroad corporation from paying weekly any of its employees if it appears to the board that such employees prefer less frequent payments, and that their interests and the interests of the public will not suffer thereby. No corporation, contractor, person or partnership shall by a special contract with an employee or by any other means exempt himself or itself from the provisions of this and the following section. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars. [Acts) 1909, c. 514, § 112, as last am. by Acts, 1914, c. 247.]

499. Prosecution for violations of preceding section. The [state board of