III. Profit and Loss......... 195 VI. Taxes............................... VII. Customs or Duties..... 212 PROGRESSIONS................... 282 I. Arithmetical Progression. 282 work.......... and Hay.. 12. Gauging..... 292 292 2. Surface Measure............ 316 GENERAL ANALYSIS............. 318 THE COMPLETE ARITHMETIC. CHAPTER I. INTEGERS. SECTION I. DEFINITIONS. 1. Arithmetic is the science of numbers, and the art of computing by them. As a science it treats of the principles, properties and relations of numbers. As an art it applies this science in computation. 2. A Unit is a single thing, as one. 3. A Number is one or more units. A whole number; as, 1, 5, 10, etc., is called an Integer. 4. A Concrete Number is one applied to a particular unit; as, three men, six horses, 173 dollars. 5. An Abstract Number is one not applied to any particular unit; as, three, six, 173, 120. 6. Similar numbers have the same unit; as, 6 boys, 8 boys, 13 boys. 7. Dissimilar numbers have not the same unit; as, 6 eggs, 8 horses, 13 sheep. 8. A Problem is a question to be solved. 9. A Principle is a general truth. Principles are illustrated by the solution of problems, called examples. |
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