6. How much wheat will 12 bins hold, each 10 ft. long, 5 ft. wide and 8 ft. high? Ans. 3840 bu. In making measurements of hay, about 550 cubic feet of clover or 450 cubic feet of meadow-hay, well settled, equal a ton; hence the RULE. To find the quantity of hay in tons in a mow well settled, divide the cubic contents in feet by 550 for clover, or by 450 for meadow-hay. PROBLEMS. 1. How much clover hay in a mow 30 ft. by 20 ft., and 20 ft. deep? Ans. 21 T. 2. How much meadow-hay in a mow 20 ft. ft. deep? square and 15 Ans. 131 T. 3. What is the value of a cylindrical stack of clover-hay 12 ft. in diameter and 10 ft. high, at $15 a ton? Ans. $30.84. 12. GAUGING. 376. Gauging is the process of finding the capacity or volume of casks and similar vessels. 377. Ullage is the quantity a cask lacks of being full. 378. The mean diameter of a cask is the diameter of a cylinder whose capacity is that of a cask of the same length. The mean diameter is nearly equal to the head diameter of the cask, plus of the difference between the head and bung diameters; or plus the difference of the head and bung diameters if the cask is but slightly curved. RULES FOR GAUGING. 1. Take the square of the mean diameter in inches, and multiply by the length of the cask in inches, and the product by .0034, to find the capacity in gallons. 2. When the cask is not full, multiply the square of of the sum of the head, mean and bung diameters, in inches, by the depth of the liquid in inches, and this product by .0034, to find the amount of liquid in gallons. PROBLEMS. 1. What are the contents of a cask whose length is 36 inches and the mean diameter 25 inches? SUGGESTION.-252 × 36 × .0034-76.5, or 76.5 gal. 2. What are the contents of a cask 40 inches long whose mean diameter is 30 inches? Ans. 122.4 gal. 3. What are the contents of a cask whose head diameter is 18 inches, its bung diameter 24 inches, and the depth of the liquid 15 inches? SUGGESTION. 4. How much wine in a cask having a head diameter of 20 in. and a bung diameter of 29 in., the depth of the wine being 20 in. ? Ans. 42.5 gal. CHAPTER XVIII. METRIC SYSTEM. 379. The Metric System is a decimal system of weights and measures, having the meter for the base or unit. 380. The Meter is one ten-millionth part of the distance from the equator to the pole, measured on the earth's surface at the level of the sea, and is equal to 39.37079 in. 381. The names of the denominations lower than the unit are indicated by prefixing the Latin words deci (), centi (180) and milli (d) to the unit. 382. The names of the denominations greater or higher than the unit are formed by prefixing the Greek terms deca (10), hecto (100), kilo (1000) and myria (10000) to the unit. NOTE. All these terms are accented on the first syllable. The c in deca is sounded like k. The Metric System was first adopted by France in 1795, and has since been legalized by most other nations, although the system is not compulsory. It is largely used in all countries by scientific men, as being the simplest system of weights and measures in existence. 1. LINEAR MEASURE. 383. The Meter (meeter) is the unit of linear measure. 10 meters 10 decameters 10 hectometers 10 kilometers = 1 myriameter (Mm.) = 6.2138+ mi. The meter is used in measuring short distances. It is equal to a little more than 1 yd. 33 in. The nickel 5-cent piece is of a meter in diameter. The kilometer is used in measuring long distances. It is a little less than ğ of a mile. 2. SURFACE MEASURE. The square meter is the unit of measurement when applied to ordinary surfaces, as floors, ceilings, etc. 384. The Are (air), equal to ten meters square, or the square decameter, is the unit of land measurement. TABLE. 100 sq. millimeters (sq. mm.) = 1 sq. centimeter (sq. cm.) = .155+sq. in. A square meter, or 1 centiare, is about 10 sq. ft., and a hectare a little less than 2 acres. 3. CUBIC MEASURE. 385. The Cubic Meter, or Stere (stare), is the unit of volume. TABLE. 1000 cu. millimeters (cu. mm.) = 1 cu. centimeter 1000 cu. centimeters (cu. cm.) = 1 cu. decimeter 1000 cu. decimeters (cu. dm.) 1 cu. meter The cubic meter, or stere, is about 1 cu. yd., and is used for measuring embankments, etc. The stere is the unit of wood or solid measure. It is equal =35.316+cu. ft. = 1 decastere (ds.) 13.079+cu. yd. 4. LIQUID AND DRY MEASURE. 386. The Liter (leeter) is the unit of measure of capacity. It is equal to a cube each of whose sides is is equivalent to about 1 liq. qt., or measure. of a meter, and of a quart, dry The Hectoliter is used in measuring liquids, grain, fruits and roots in large quantities. It is equal to about 25 bu. 387. A Kiloliter is a cubic meter or stere. 5. WEIGHT. 388. The Gram is the unit of weight. It is equal to the weight of a cube of distilled water the edge of which is ī of a meter, equal to 15.432 Troy gr. TABLE. 10 milligrams (mg.) = 1 centigram (cg.) = .15432+gr. Troy. = 1 decigram (dg.) = 1.54324+gr. 10 centigrams 10 decigrams 10 grams 10 hectograms 10 quintals 389. The Kilogram or Kilo is the unit of weight in common trade. It is equal to a little less than 23 lb. av. 390. The Tonneau or Ton is used for weighing heavy articles. It is equal to a little less than 2205 lb. 391. Metric numbers are written as decimals, with the decimal point after the unit. Thus, 166 meters and 15 millimeters is written 166.015 m. 392. The numbers are read by applying the name of the unit to all on the left of the decimal point, and the name of the lowest denomination indicated to all on the right of the point. Thus, 127.163 m. is read 127 meters and 163 milli meters. The principles of reduction in this system and the solution of problems are similar to those of integers and decimals, as given in the preceding pages of this work. CHAPTER XIX. GENERAL ANALYSIS. ORAL EXERCISE. 1. A bought hats at $3 each; had he paid $5 each they would have cost $20 more: how many did he buy? 2. John bought oranges at 3 cts. each, and had 40 cts. re |