THE COMPLETE ARITHMETIC, COMBINING ORAL AND WRITTEN EXERCISES IN A NATURAL AND LOGICAL SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION. BY ALBERT N. RAUB, A.M., PRINCIPAL OF THE CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. MARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY CHARLES PER . 1 THURDER Copyright, 1877, by PORTER & COATES. PREFACE. In the author's experience as a teacher during the last twenty years, the truth that too much time is given in our schools to the subject of Arithmetic has constantly forced itself on his attention, and year by year the necessity for a shorter course in Arithmetic has increased. It is with the hope of successfully meeting this growing want that the author ventures to offer this book to the educational public. Teachers everywhere seem to be awaking to the reality that what has been called Mental or Intellectual Arithmetic is best taught, and only properly taught, in connection with Written Arithmetic. The two are inseparable, and together constitute but one subject or branch of study. The author believes that the term "Mental Arithmetic," as applied to the study as pursued in our schools, is a misnomer. The same mental or intellectual process is necessary however the problems be solved, whether orally or written. He, therefore, believing that the difference lies mainly in the manner of solution-that is, as to whether it be by speech or by written characters-considers the subject under the general head Arithmetic, and the processes as either oral or written. All important processes of analysis as found in the best socalled Mental Arithmetics are assimilated in this work, but in every case the oral analysis and oral exercise are given |