2. When several figures stand side by side, the value of each figure depends on its place as counted from the right towards the left. A figure standing in the first place signifies so many units, or ones; the same figure, in the second place, signifies so many tens; in the third place, hundreds ; in the fourth place, thousands; in the fifth place, tens of thousands; and in the sixth place, hundreds of thousands. Therefore every time a figure is removed one place to the left, its value is made ten fold, as may be seen in the following table.

Hundreds of thousands.

Tens of thousands.
Thousands.

Hundreds.

Tens.

Units.

111,111,

read One hundred and eleven thousand, one hundred and eleven.

Four.

Forty-nine.

Four hundred and ninety-six.

Four thousand nine hundred and sixty-five.

Forty-nine thousand, six hundred and fifty-two.
Four hundred and ninety-six thousand, five hundred and
twenty-seven.

3. One hundred and fifty-six.

4. Three hundred and eight.

5. One thousand, four hundred and sixty-nine.

6.

Five thousand and two.

7. Seventy-seven thousand and eighty-four.

8. Forty thousand, seven hundred and twenty-two. Five hundred and sixty-six thousand, one hundred and fifty.

9.

10. Six hundred thousand.

ADDITION.

5. 5 and 4 and 7 are how many? This is called a question in addition. We put together or add the numbers 5, 4 and 7 to find their sum or amount. Thus, the sum of 5 and 4 and 7 is 16.

Tens.

Units.

Ex. 1. What is the sum of 46 and 37 ?

It is most convenient to write the numbers in order, units under units, tens under tens, &c.; 46 then beginning with the units, we find that 37 6 units and 7 units are 13 units, or 1 ten and 3 units. We write down the 3 units under the 83 units and add the 1 ten to the other tens; 1 (ten) and 4 (tens) and 3 (tens) make 8 (tens) which written with the 3, makes 83.

Ex. 2. What is the sum of 736 and 875 and
894?

Hundreds.

Tens.

Units.

Adding the units we find 6 and 5 are 11,
and 4 are 15, or 1 ten and 5 units. Writing
the 5 under the column of units, we reserve
736 the 1 ten and add it to the tens of the next
875 column; thus, 1 and 3 are 4, and 7 are 11, and
394 9 are 20 (tens) or 2 hundreds, and 0 tens.
2005 We write the 0 under the column of tens, and

add the 2 (hundreds) to the column of hun-
dreds; thus 2 and 7 are 9, and 8 are 17, and 3 are 20
(hundreds), which being the sum of the last column
we write down. The answer, therefore, is 2005.

7. 40. Add together 39, 67, 92, 43, 84, 51. 41. Add together 270, 489, 126, 46. 42. Add together 2368, 235, 496, 1736. 43. Add together 66,476, 801, 4009, 32, 127.

8. 44. A merchant bought 4 pieces of cloth; for the first piece he gave 53 dollars; for the second, 78 dollars; for the third, 68 dollars; and for the fourth, 67 dollars. How much did he give for the whole?

45. In an orchard there are 22 peach trees, 95 apple trees, 17 pear trees and 56 plum trees. How many trees in the orchard?

46. A man bought four horses; for the first he gave 84 dollars; for the second, 150 dollars; for the third, 475 dollars; and for the fourth, 526 dollars, How much did he give for all the horses?

47. In the Boylston school there are 810 scholars; in the Brimmer, 597 scholars; in the Dwight, 956 scholars; in the Elliot, 776 scholars; in the Franklin, 572 scholars; and in the Hancock, 731 scholars. How many scholars in these six schools?

A gentleman, building a house, paid the mason 2,964 dollars, the carpenter 5,723 dollars, the plasterer 625 dollars and the painter 354 dollars. How much did the whole house cost?

SUBTRACTION.

9. 9 less 7 are how many? This is called a ques

tion in Subtraction. We take away or subtract 7 from 9 to find the difference or remainder, which is 2.

Ex 1. From 476 take 245.

Hundreds.
Tens.

Units.

476

245

It is most convenient to write the less number under the greater, units under units, tens under tens, etc., as in addition. Beginning at the units, we say 5 from 6 leaves 1, which we write under the units; then 4 (tens) from 7 (tens) leaves 3 (tens), which we write under the tens; and 2 (hundreds) from 4 (hundreds) leaves 2 (hundreds), which we write down, and the answer is 231.

231

Ex. 2. From 939 take 458.

Hundreds.

Tens.

Units.

939

In this example we take 8 from 9 and there remains 1, which we write down; but since we cannot take 5 (tens) from 3 (tens), we borrow 1 (hundred) or 10 (tens) from the 9 458 (hundreds), which, joined with the 3 (tens), 481 makes 13 (tens); then 5 (tens) from 13 (tens) leaves 8 (tens), which we write down. As one of the 9 (hundreds) has been put with the 3 (tens), there remains but 8 (hundreds). Therefore we say 4 (hundreds) from 8 (hundreds) leaves 4 (hundreds). This, written down, makes the answer 481.