quently the style was changed to H. S. Lansing & Co., and still later to Baldwin & Son, in whose hands it remains.

W. WILLIAMS & Co.'s EUROPEAN EXPRESS was established in 1854. His agent in Boston was W. H. Pillow, an active and reliable business man, like Williams, a native of England. He was also engaged in the custom-house brokerage business, being one of the firm of John K. Stimson & Co., in that city.

THE GLOBE EXPRESS, at 28 Broad street, corner of Exchange place, was established by L. W. Morris, on the 1st of May, 1859, as a transatlantic line. It carries to all parts of Europe, and to foreign countries generally. Morris, the proprietor, has long been in the shipping and forwarding business, both in Europe and in this country. His office is now on Broadway, and the business is large, including a passenger and exchange department.

The European agents do not only forward parcels and Express packages, but are, at the same time, shipping agents of merchandise, at current rates, to this country, by either steamer or sailing vessel, according to instructions. Upon arrival, the packages are cleared at the New York custom-house by the Globe Express, and forwarded to destination, for ordinary commissions only.

In 1858, there was a concern known as JONES' NEW ORLEANS AND TEXAS EXPRESS, owned and conducted by Starr S. Jones. He dispatched his freight once or twice a week from New Orleans to Galveston, per steamship, and forwarded packages for the interior by steamboats and the most available conveyances.

There were in New England numerous small individual expresses, some of them of many years' standing and very useful. There are some of more note, which we will very briefly

mention.

THE EARLE EXPRESS COMPANY, at Boston and Providence, R. I., was a consolidation of several long-established local concerns. B. D. & L. B. Earle, pioneers of the Express business

in Rhode Island, were formerly bank messengers, and went over the route daily in that capacity, from the time that the Boston & Providence Railroad was opened (1835), until they started what they called Earle's Express. It was a prompt, responsible and reliable concern. The company included in their line of operations, also, a line between Providence, Warren and Bristol, R. I.; and another between Providence, Stonington and New London, Conn.

OSGOOD'S EXPRESS operated efficiently on the route between Providence and Worcester, Mass., where J. H. Osgood, a very capable and experienced general express agent, was its manager.

HATCH, GRAY & Co.'s EXPRESS, from Boston to New Bedford and Martha's Vineyard, was commenced in 1840, by that energetic and wide-awake local celebrity, Col. A. D. Hatch, of New Bedford. The terminus of his route at that time was Nantucket. The New Bedford and Taunton Branch Railroad had just been put into operation. The stage-drivers whom it deprived of business, obtained situations upon the railroad as conductors and brakemen. The lines of stages thus broken up were owned by Elias Sampson & Co. and Jesse Smith. Sampson soon added his strength to Hatch's, and (in 1843, we think it was) the firm became Hatch & Co.

FISKE & Co.'s EXPRESS had its headquarters in the Railroad Exchange Building, which forms upon Court square, the rear of the admirable Museum edifice owned by David and Moses Kimball. The premises were originally leased by Benjamin F. Cheney, of Cheney & Co.'s Express, for the accommodation of his own and numerous local Expresses, and under his judicious management it became a sort of Express arcade.

The founder of Fiske & Co.'s business was L. Bigelow, who had a contract for express facilities upon the Boston and Fitchburg, Mass., Railroad, and Worcester and Nashua Railroad, as early as July, 1848, and this was continued until March 1st, 1851, when Bigelow having sold out to them, Fiske & Rice obtained the same privileges. This was continued until November 30th, 1854, when, from the date of a new contract with

the Worcester and Nashua Railroad, we find that the firm had been changed to Fiske & Co. Bigelow's main route was from Boston to Burlington, Vt., and Montreal. When he commenced, the Worcester and Nashua Railroad was open only from Groton Junction to Clinton, Mass. December 18th, 1848, it was opened for travel the entire distance from Worcester to Nashua; connecting, at different points upon the route, with the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad, and the StonyBrook Railroad. No better built railway was to be found in America, and the world could not show an avenue having a more picturesque and charming series of landscapes to pass through. Old travelers upon this route, before railways had been projected, will remember that its beautiful scenery well repaid the labor of a long coach ride. The numerous everlasting hills which Genery Twichell and John C. Stiles tried, and not in vain, to make easy with their fine teams and stages, and entertaining talk, are now circumvented of all their difficulties by the Worcester and Nashua Railroad. The gratified traveler, skimming along at the rate of 25 or 30 miles an hour, sees only the agreeable side of them, with the verdant meadows at their feet, intersected by babbling brooks and still rivers.

The original Worcester Expressman was S. S. Leonard. He started it as long ago as 1840; passing, as his own messenger, over the Boston and Worcester Railroad twice a day. Fuller, a conductor upon the Worcester and Norwich Railroad (we learn from Albert Roath, one of the best conductors ever upon that route), did a kind of Express service about the same time, between the two latter cities. Fuller's Express is now well known.

Benjamin P. Cheney, since famous in the east as an Express pioneer and proprietor, was formerly a stage-driver. Cheney & Co.'s Express lines were very useful in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont; as those of the Hope Express were in New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania.

Pullen & Co.'s Harlem Railroad Express, No. 2 Tryon Row, was originated by E. T. Dudley in 1850. In 1858, after passing through divers hands, it became the property of Pullen & Co. It was ably conducted by Fred. T. Pullen, a son of the veteran Major J. A. Pullen. The line was upwards of 130

miles in extent, and includes about seventy places of delivery en route.

Brees & Co.'s line, founded by Bailey Brees, in 1855, and conducted by his son, Stephen B. Brees, extended from New York city to Hackettstown, N. J., over the Morris & Essex Railroad, and by the Sussex Railroad to Newtown, N. J.

The Baggage Express business was originated by Arnoux, a tailor. WARREN STUDLEY, in 1852, made it quite an institution for the accommodation of the passengers of the New York and New Haven Railroad. He had many elegant wagons. Now, every large city in this country has its baggage expresses. The charge for the transportation of baggage between the railroad depots and hotels, or other residences in the corporation limits, was 25 cents per package. Later, the prices advanced. The Baggage Express has a contract for exclusive privileges on the railroad with which it connects, and on every train has a messenger, who applies to each passenger just before the cars reach their destination, and receives his checks and orders as to the delivery of his trunks, &c. The customer then has no further care in the matter, but as soon as he arrives may proceed directly to his residence or hotel, with the assurance that his baggage will follow him in quick time and good order. By this means the hackney-coach nuisance is almost entirely abated, and we rarely hear now of impositions by drivers upon pas

sengers.

THE MANHATTAN EXPRESS COMPANY (Westcott, Dodd & Co., proprietors), had its main office at No. 168 Broadway, but was in fact almost ubiquitous on this great little island of Manhattan, as well as in the neighboring cities, which its numerous handsome green wagons, lettered in gold and drawn by some of the best horses in the world, were constantly traversing, for the delivery and collection of baggage and other packages.

This company, so extensive and invaluable in its metropolitan operations, had its origin in the smallest possible beginning. It was commenced in 1851 by Robert F. Westcott, with a single horse and wagon. In 1855, A. S. Dodd, at that time connected with the National Express Company, and

principal manager of the New Jersey Express Company, became associated with him in his city express business, at which time Westcott had largely increased his operations. He foresaw that a grand business might be made, with the aid of judicious headwork and more capital, and was fortunate in securing both. It was known for a time as the Westcott Express, but on account of a consolidation and new organization, it assumed in 1858, the style of "The Manhattan Express Company." Subsequently the consolidation was broken up, and Westcott and Dodd each organized an Express on his separate account, "The Westcott Express Co." and "The New York Transfer Co."

Both of these Expresses perform, in addition to their ordinary Express routine, a very large business in the transportation of baggage for passengers upon the railroads above-named, carrying not far from 600,000 trunks during the year. In this city, it delivers at any place desired below Central Park. We regard it as altogether the most extensive enterprise of the kind ever attempted in America; and for system and efficiency, it is not excelled even by the best parcel delivery company in London.