To find the amount of the sum given to be added, begin with the right hand column, and say 3 and 1 make 4, and 3 are 7, and 2 are 9; which sum (9) being less than ten, set down directly under the column you added. Then proceeding to the next column, say again, 5 and 4 are 9, and 1 is 10; being even ten, set down 0, and carry one to the next column, saying 1 which I carry to 6 makes 7, and 0 is nothing, but 6 make 13; which sum (13) is an excess of 3 over even ten; therefore, set down 3, and carry 1 for the ten to 8 in the next column is 9, and 3 are 12 this being the last column, set down the whole number, (12) placing the 2 or unit figure directly under the column, and carrying the other figure, (the 1) forward to the next place on the left hand, (or to that of tens of thousands) and the work is done. To explain the proof, cut off the upper line, as above. Then adding the three lower lines which remain, place the amount, (8697) under the amount first obtained by the addition of all the sums, carefully observing that each figure falls directly under the column to which it belongs then add this last amount to the upper line, which is cut off all being set down in their proper places, as seen in the above example, compare the amount, (12309) last found, with the first amount, (12309) and if they agree, as it is seen they do, then the work is judged to be right. EXAMPLE 2 : Is just the same as that in addition of whole numbers, observing only to place the separating point between the different denominations. N. B. Four farthings make one penny; twelve pence make one 'shilling; twenty shillings make one pound. ; To find the amount of the sum given to be added, begin with the right hand column, and say 3 and 1 make 4, and 3 are 7, and 2 are 9 which sum (9) being less than ten, set down directly under the column you added. Then proceeding to the next column, say again, 5 and 4 are 9, and 1 is 10; being even ten, set down 0, and carry one to the next column, saying 1 which I carry to 6 makes 7, and O is nothing, but 6 make 13; which sum (13) is an excess of 3 over even ten; therefore, set down 3, and carry 1 for the ten to 8 in the next column is 9, and 3 are 12 this being the last column, set down the whole number, (12) placing the 2 or unit figure directly under the column, and carrying the other figure, (the 1) forward to the next place on the left hand, (or to that of tens of thousands) and the work is done. To explain the proof, cut off the upper line, as above. Then adding the three lower lines which remain, place the amount, (8697) under the amount first obtained by the addition of all the sums, carefully observing that each figure falls directly under the column to which it belongs then add this last amount to the upper line, which is cut off all being set down in their proper places, as seen in the above example, compare the amount, (12309) last found, with the first amount, (12309) and if they agree, as it is seen they do, then the work is judged to be right. Is just the same as that in addition of whole numbers, observing only to place the separating point between the different denominations. N. B. Four farthings make one penny; twelve pence make one shilling; twenty shillings make one pound. Explanation of the first Example of Sterling Money, which will virtually explain the operation of all like sums, &c. Say 3 and 2 are 5, and 1 is 6; now 6 farthings make one penny, and 2 farthings over, which 2 I set down under the column of farthings, and carry 1 to the next column, and say 1 and 0 is 1, and 11 are 12, and 8 are 20, and 6 are 26; which being pence, make 2 shillings and 2 pence over; therefore, I set down 2 under the column of pence, and carry 2 shillings to the column of shillings, and say 2 and 2 are 4, and 7 are 11, and 0 is 11, and 6 are 17; I set down 7 under the column of shillings, and carry one, and say 1 and 1 are 2, and 1 is 3, and 1 is 4. and 1 is 5; the half 5 is 2, and 1 over, which 1 set down at the left of the last set down 7, and proceed to the column of pounds and as there remains no more to be observed in this column, than in any number of integers to be added, it needs no further illustration. So you will find the aggregate sum lo be £757 17s. 21d.; in words thus seven hundred and fiftyseven pounds, seventeen shillings, and two pence half-penny, (or two farthings.) USE OF ADDITION. 1. What is the sum total of 3765 bushels; 990 bushels; and of 127 bushels; when added together? Ans. 4882 bush. 2. Admit a certain friend borrowed of you at sundry times as follows, viz first 2801 dollars; second 397 dollars; and third 765 dollars; how much does it amount to ? : Ans. 3963 dolls. 3. The main mast of a ship chanced to be broken, in a storm, at the distance of 25 feet from the deck; the part broken off was 28 feet long; I demand the entire length of the mast before it was broken? Ans. 53 feet. 4. Lent my friend a piece of timber, which measured 130 cubical feet; he paid me at divers times, as follows, viz. 27 feet at one time, 50 at another, and 3 feet the last payment. The question is, did 1 receive my due ? Ans. Yes. 5. A gentlewoman being asked how old she was, answered she was 18 years old on the day of her marriage, and had been 11 years married; pray what was her age ? Ans. 29 years. 6. General Nelson was born in the year of our Lord 1732; he was 74 years old when he met the mortal shot; in what year of our Lord did he depart this life? Ans. 1806. |