cumference, and divide each girth by 4,4 the quotients will be sides of square timber. Multiply the two sides together; find the difference between the two sides, square the difference, and add one third of its square to the product of the two sides, and multiply this sum by the length; the last product will be the solidity required. EXAMPLE. How much hewn timber is in a piece of round timber, that is 24 feet long, and its circumference at one end being 44 inches, and at the other 22 inches? Circumference 44,04,4-10 a side of the largest square. Circumference 22,04,4 5 a side of the least square. Sides of the two squares 10 X5 50 product. 10—5=5X5=25=81 added. Sides = 581 sum. Sum 58×24 feet 1400-144-913 feet ans. By the Sliding Rule-allowing one fourth of the girth to be a side of a Square. RULE. Look first for the length of the stick in feet upon the brass slider; slip the slider to bring the figures expressing the length, to 12 on the girth line below; then look on the girth line for the quarter of the stick, and against the quarter girth, on the slider, stands the figures expressing the solidity of the stick. To find the solidity of a piece of timber, allowing 4,4 of the circumference to be the side of a square. RULE. Girth the piece; annex a cypher to the girth in inches, and divide by 4,4, the quotient will be the side of a square. Then proceed as above. To find the solidity of hewn timber by Gunter's RULE. Add the four sides together; take of the sum for the mean side ; proceed as above, and the answer will be very near the true solidity. OF WOOD MEASURE. RULE. Multiply the length of the pile, in feet and inches, by the width, and that product again by the height of the pile, the last product will be the solidity; which divided by 128, the quotient will be cords. If any thing remains, divide it by 16, the quotient will be feet of wood: if any thing still retains, divide by 4, the quotient will be quarters of a foot of wood &c." EXAMPLE. What is the quantity of wood in a pile, that is 9 feet 6 inches long. 6 feet wide, and 4 feet six inches high? ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. 9 6X6 0X4 6=256,6-÷128=2 cords, solid foot, ans. ARTIFICER'S WORK. 1. CARPENTER'S WORK. A Carpenters measure their work by the square of 100 feet, viz. square, whose side is 10 feet. Their measurable work consists chiefly of flooring, partitioning, and roofing. EXAMPLES. 1. If a floor be 38 feet 6 inches long, and 17 feet 9 inches broad, how many squares are in that floor? Decimally, 38,5 Or thus : F. I. 1,00)6,83,375 100)6,83 4 6 ans. 6 squares 83 feet. 2. How many planks or deals, 9 feet long, and 8 inches broad, will floor a house that is 47 feet 6 inches long, and 24 feet 4 inches wide? 5,75 Ans. 192 planks, 52 feet. Or, reduce the dimensions to inches, then multiply the length of the house by the breadth, and divide the product by the square inches in one plank. OF ROOFING. EXAMPLE. How many squares of roofing will cover a house, whose length within the walls is 48 feet 6 inches, and breadth 18 feet 3 inches ? NOTE. It is a received rule amongst workmen, that the flat and half flat of any house, taken within the walls, is equal to the measure of the roof, though the measure of the roof differs a little, as the roof falls below or rises above the true pitch; that is, as the angle at which the two sides of the roof meet, is more or less than a right angle. 18.25 48,5 885,125 flat. 100)13,27 ans. 13 squares 27 feet. To find the length of a Rafter, for a true pitch. RULE. Take and of the breadth of the house half their sum will give the length required. と EXAMPLE. Suppose the breadth of a house from plate to plate, to be 20 feet; Quere the length of a rafter that will complete the same (of a true pitch)? of 20=15 - Half )31-15 feet answer. To find the length of a Rafter for a square pitch. RULE. Square half the breadth of the house, double that square, and extract the square root, which root will be the length of the rafter required? EXAMPLE. Suppose the breadth of a house to be 24 feet; I demand the length of a rafter for said house, to be a square pitch? 24-2-12X12=144X2=288=17 feet nearly length required. To find the length of a rafter for a pitch. RULE. Square of the breadth, and square the breadth; the square root of their sum will give the length required. RULE. A Square of the breadth, and square half the breadth; add both squares together, and extract the square root; and you will have the length sought. EXAMPLE. Admit the breadth of the house equal 24 feet. 2 of 24=18X18=324 of 24=12X12=144 468(-21,6 feet length required, BRICKLAYER'S WORK. Bricklayer's work consists chiefly of tiling and walling, or chimney work. Tiling is measured by the square of 100 feet; walling or chimney work, is measured by the square rod of 272,25 square feet, the side of the square being 16,5 feet. But, in practice, the integer 272 is generally esteemed sufficiently accurate. NOTE. In roofs covered with tiles, it is usual to reckon the eaves double, which is done by adding the depth of the eaves to the whole depth of the roof. EXAMPLE 1. There is a roof covered with tiles, whose depth on both sides, the eaves being reckoned double, is 35 feet 3 inches, and the length 48 feet: How many squares of tiling are in it? 35,25 100)16,9200 F. 1. 35 3 48 100 1692-16 squares, 92 feet. EXAMPLE 2. A brick wall 598 feet long, 9 feet high, 1, brick in thickness. How many rods of work are in it? 598X9-5382-272,25=19 rods, 3 quarters and 5 feet, ans. Note. Brick and half is reckoned standard thickness; and if the thickness of a wall be any other brick and half, it may be reduced to standard thickness by the following RULE. Multiply the number of superficial feet contained in any wall by the number of half bricks in the thickness, and one third of the product will be the content reduced to standard thickness. EXAMPLE 3. A brick wall 84 feet 6 inches long, and 17 feet 3 inches high, and 5 bricks and a half thick: How many rods of brickwork will be therein, when reduced to the standard thickness of 11 brick ? 17,25X84,5=1457,625 X 11=16033,875-272,25-19 rods, 2 quarters, 35 feet, ans. But the operation may be shortened, by constructing a table of divisors, suited to the number of half bricks in the thickness, as follows : Divide 3, the number of half bricks in 1, by the number of half bricks in the thickness, and the quotient will be divisor for giving the answer in feet. And, to obtain a divisor that will give the answer in rods, multiply 272,25 by the divisors found for feet. The table follows. The former example done by the Table. 74,25)1457,625(19,63 rods. 4 Quarters, 2,52 68 35,36 feet. If a brick chimney stand unconnected with the body of the work of the house, it must be girth round, and this is to be esteemed the length; the height of the story is the breadth, and the thickness is the same as that of the jambs; every story is measured by itself, and the dimensions taken in the same manner; and the shaft or stalk above the roof is also measured by itself, and the content found by multiplying the girth into the height. 4. Allowing the girth of a brick chimney to be 32 feet 9 inches, and the height of the story 12 feet 6 inches: How many square feet of work does said chimney contain ? 32,75 × 12,5=409,375 feet answer. If it be required to reduce the square feet thus found to feet or rods of standard thickness, divide by the divisor that suits the thickness of the jambs. And if the chimney be esteemed double work, as most chimneys are, double the result. If a chimney have two or more funnels, the fetters or bridges that separate the funnels must be measured, and their contents found by multiplying the length by the breadth. If a chimney do not stand by itself, but be placed in a gavel or side wall, the back of the chimney in this case is not measured, but accounted part of the gavel or side wall; and the length of the chimney is found by adding the depth of the two jambs to the horizontal extent of the breast. OF STOCCO WORK. Plaisterer's or Stocco Work is either on the roof, called ceiling, or on the partitions or walls of a building, and is all measured by the square yard, containing 9 square feet. EXAMPLE. If a ceiling be 54 feet 9 inches long, and 22 feet 6 inches broad; how many yards are in it? 54,75X22,5+9=136,875 yards answer. OF JOINER'S WORK. Joiners measure their work also by the square yard; but in taking the height of any room, the measurer generally uses a small line or twine, with which he girths over the domes, architraves, bases, surbases, mouldings, pannels, &c. by reason of the Gothicks alledging Joiners ought to measure where their plane touches; but in measuring round the room they measure it as it is upon the floor. Doors, window shutters, and such work as is wrought on both sides, are customarily esteemed work and half. |