Required the names of the places situated in Africa, whose latitudes and longitudes are as follow? What are the names of the places situated in America, whose latitudes and longitudes are as follow? What are the names of the islands, situated in the Atlan tic Ocean, whose latitudes and longitudes are as follow? EXAMPLES FOR A MAP OF FRANCE. Required the names of those towns whose latitudes and Note. The table of latitudes and longitudes will furnish more ex amples for this and the preceding problem. PROBLEM IV. To find the difference of latitude between two places. If the latitudes be of the same name, subtract the less from the greater; if, of contrary names, add them together. In doing this and the next problem, either globes, maps, or tubles of latitude and longitude, may be used. When the two places are in opposite hemispheres, their latitudes being reckoned different ways, their sum must be taken; but when they are in the same hemisphere, their latitudes being reckoned the same way, their difference only must be taken. EXAMPLES. 1. What is the difference of latitude between the North Cape and Cape Matapan in Europe? 2. Between Tunis and the Cape of Good Hope, in 3. Between the middle of Nova Zembla and Cape Comorin, in Asia? 4. Between the mouth of Copper-Mine River and Acapulco, in North America? 66 5. Between Cape Vela and Cape Horn, in South America? 6. Between the most southern Cape in New Holland and Endeavour Straits? 7. Between Cape Wrath, in Scotland, and the Lizard Point, in Cornwall? 8. Between Dunkirk and Perpignan ? 9. Between Madrid and Mexico? 10. Between London and Botany Bay? 11. Required the difference of latitude between St. Jago, one of the Cape Verd Isles, and St. Helena? 12. The Cape of Good Hope and Cape Comorin? 13. Calcutta and Batavia? 14. Manilla and Canton? What is the difference of latitude between the following places, which are some of the principal sea-ports in Europe? 15. Archangel and Bergen? 16. Christiana and Gottenberg? 23. Lisbon and Cadiz ? 24. London and Genoa? 25. Newcastle and Leghorn? Required the difference of latitude between the follow ing places.. 26. St. Salvador and Surinam ? 27. Porto Bello and the strait of Magalhaens? 29. Vera Cruz and Cape Horn? 30. St. Helena and Manilla? When two places lie nearly under the same meridian, their difference of latitude, being then the shortest line that can be drawn between them, reduced to miles, will give their distance from each other. It has been found, by actual measurement, that 1 degree of latitude is equal to 69 1-5th English miles; hence multiply the number of degrees by 69 1-5th, and the product will be miles :-or, to render the work more easy, 70 miles may be taken for 1 degree: and, if there be any odd minutes, they may be added in for miles. By reducing the difference of latitude, in the eight first questions in this problem, to miles, the extent of the following countries from north to south is obtained. To find the difference of longitude between two places. If the longitude be of the same name, subtract the less from the greater; if, of different names, add them together. The distance of two places can never be greater than half the circumference of the globe, or 180 degrees—when, therefore, in adding, the sum exceeds that, subtract it from 360 degrees, for the true difference. As the longitude may be expressed either in degrees and minutes, or in hours and minutes, the following rules are necessary. To reduce degrees into hours. RULE.-Divide the number of degrees by 15, and it will give the number of hours. If there be any remainder, multiply it by 4 for minutes. To reduce hours into degrees. RULE.-Multiply the hours by 15, and the product will be degrees. Note. When the number of degrees is less than 15, they may be brought to minutes of time by multiplying by 4.-The reason of this rule will be seen in Section III. EXAMPLES. 1. What is the difference of longitude between Lisbon and Philadelphia? |