PART I 1. The Article. The indefinite article in the Swedish Language is ett, for the Neuter, it stands before the substantive and is not declined, as: The definite Article is also en (n) or et (t) and is added to the substantive, as: If a word ends in f, a v is inserted, as: graf, grave grafven, the grave. and n, double the final letter if Words ending in m preceded by a short vowel, as: vännen, the friend strömmen, the stream. Words ending in an and en, do not take the definitive article at all, as: fruktan, fear and the fear längtan, longing and the longing Primitive words of two syllables ending in el, en, er, drop the e when the definitive article is added, as: f substantives end in a vowel, the masculine and femi The Neuter also loses the e, if substantives end in 2 or e, but it remains after other vowels, as: 4. The Gender of Substantives. The Masculine are: 1. The names and professions of men, as: Carl, Charles konung, king fader, father snickare, joiner. 2. The names of the seasons, months, days, seas and ri 3. The substantives in are, as: murare, mason hammare, hammer. The Feminine are: 1. The names and occupations of females, as: Selma, Selma brud, bride 2. The names of sciences, arts and trees, as: geometri, geometry ek, oak 3. Substantives ending in a, else, het, nad, ion, and the abstract substantives in ing, as: 1. The names of countries, towns and places, as: Sverige, Sweden - Uppland, Stockholm, Rosendal. 2. All other parts of speech, if used as a substantive, as: ett ja, a yes ett men, a but. 3. The substantives ending on smultron, strawberry rytteri, horsemen, a short on or i, as: hallon, raspberry except: morgon, morning are masculine. afton, evening, 4. The Participles in nde if used as substantives, as; resande, (the) travelling. It is often difficult to know whether a noun is masc. or. fem. but there is no difficulty in practice, as the Swedish adjectives have the same termination both for the masculine and feminine. 5. Some substantives have different meanings with different Gamla far gömmer knifven i rockärmen. Han förslösar hvad jag under året sparat tillhopa. Får man veta nyheten? Vattnet susar. För himlens skull! Fick du mitt bref? Jag har räknat minuterna. Jag fick brefvet. dörren och kommer in i rummet. Den späde kycklingen. Den siste penningen. Ett ondt samvete. Bandet är slitet. Den stolta gvinnan. Mitt hus. Han ligger på dödsbädden. En god egenskap. — Herrskapet går härifrån. Frestelsen är stor. Fängelset är mörkt. Han utsår Han inympar en fördom i barnets hjerta. Det första smultronet. Giftermålet angår inte mig. Hon lutar hufvudet mot bröstet. ett giftfrö. 6. Exercises. who created the world'. 6 A tall man 2. A good child. The good friend. God Life is short. The proud 10 youth". The gilding 12 is bad 13. A dangerous 14 illness 15. The 1 stor. 2 man. 3 godt. 4 vän. 5 som. 6 skapade. 7 verid, f. 8 lif, n. 9 kort. 10 stolt. 11 yngling. 12 förgyllning. 13 dålig. 14 farlig. 15 sjukdom. |