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dünnen Quartzfäden, Physik. Z. 40, 385 (1939). [192] S. Schurkow, (Jurkov) Über den einfluss von adsorbierten Oberflachenschichten auf die Festig keit feiner Quarz fäden, Physik. Z. Sowjetunion 1, 123 (1932).

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[198] F. M. Ernsberger, Temperature coefficient of the McBain sorption balance, Rev. Sci. Inst. 24, 998 (1953).

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[200] A. A. Griffith, The theory of rupture, Intern. Congr. for Appl. Mech., Delft, 55 (1924). [201] F. W. Preston, Impact modulus of glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 14, 432 (1931).

[202] A. Joffé, Über die mechanische Festigkeit dünner Schichten, Physik. Z. Sowjetunion 1, 137 (1932). [203] F. W. Preston, A note on the concept of brittleness, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 15, 176 (1932). [204] J. B. Murgatroyd, The strength of glass, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 17, 260 (1933).

[205] F. W. Preston, The surface strength of glass and other materials, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 17, 6 (1933).

[206] A. Joffé, On the mechanism of brittle rupture, Intern. Conf. Phys. 2, 77 (1935).

[207] J. Bailey, An attempt to correlate some tensile strength measurements on glass, Glass Ind. 20,

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[208] E. Orowan, Fatigue of glass under stress, Nature 154, 341 (1944).

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12 A. F. Turner, Strength of glass, Glass Ind. 27, 69 (1946).

13] W. A. Weyl, The mechanical strength of glass,

Glass Ind. 27, 17, 74, 126 (1946).

14] H. A. Elliott, An analysis of the conditions for rupture due to Griffith cracks, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 59, 208 (1947).

15 J. C. Fisher, J. H. Hollomon, A statistical theory of fracture, Metals Technol. 14, TP2218 (1947).

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Phys. Soc. 59, 169 (1947), Ceramics and Glass 10, 127 (1952).

217] J. B. Murgatroyd, The delayed elastic effect in silicate glasses at room temperature, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 31, 17 (1947).

218] J. B. Murgatroyd, Relation between delayed elastic effect and decay of strength of silicate glasses at room temperature, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 31, 36 (1947).

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220] J. J. Bickerman, G. H. Passmore, The strength and elasticity of glass fibers, Glass Ind. 29, 144 (1948).

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224] J. V. Fitzgerald, Anelasticity of glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 34, 314 (1951).

225] F. W. Preston, Basic problem of the strength of glass, Glass Ind. 32, 284 (1951).

226] J. V. Fitzgerald, K. M. Loing, G. S. Bachman,

Temperature variation of the elastic moduli of glass, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 36, 90 (1952). 227] G. Slater, Strength of glass, Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 31, 276 (1952).

228] D. A. Stuart, O. L. Anderson, Dependence of ultimate strength of glass under constant load on temperature, ambient atmosphere and time, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 36, 416 (1953).

E. Mechanical Properties of
Glass-Experimental

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[234] W. L. Schwalbe, A. E. Badger, W. B. Silverman, Tensile tests of glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 21, 333 (1938).

[235] E. Rexer, Festigkeit gespannter "Glasstabe," Z. tech. Physik. 20, 4 (1939).

[236] H. E. Powell, F. W. Preston, Microstrength of glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 28, 145 (1945). [237] T. C. Baker, F. W. Preston, Fatigue of glass under static loads, J. Appl. Phys. 17, 170 (1946).

[238] T. C. Baker, F. W. Preston, Effect of water on the strength of glass, J. Appl. Phys. 17, 179 (1946).

[239] B. Vonnegut, J. L. Glathart, The effect of temperature on the strength and fatigue of glass rods, J. Appl. Phys. 17, 1082 (1946). [240] C. Gurney, S. Pearson, Effect of the surrounding atmosphere on the delayed fracture of glass, Proc. Phys. Soc. 62, 469 (1949); Ceramics and Glass, 10, 106 (1949).

[241] D. Sinclair, A bending method for measuring the tensile strength and Young's modulus of glass fibers, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 380 (1950). [242] K. Vedam, The elastic and photoelastic constants of fused quartz, Phys. Rev. 78, 472 (1950). [243] S. Pearson, Creep and recovery of a mineral glass at normal temperature, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 36, 105 (1952).

[244] J. W. Marx, J. M. Sivertsen, Temperature dependence of elastic moduli and internal friction of silica and glass, J. Sci. Inst. 24, 81 (1953). [245] H. J. McSkimin, Measurements of elastic constants at low temperature by means of ultrasonic waves, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 988 (1953).

[246] W. Crooks, On the devitrification of silica

glass, Proc. Roy. Soc. London 86, 406 (1911-12). [247] R. C. Ray, Heat of crystallization of quartz, Proc. Roy. Soc. London [A] 101, 515 (1922). [248] J. Frenkel, Note on the relation between speed of crystallization and viscosity, Physik. Z. USSR 1, 498 (1932).

[249] L. J. Trostel, Quartz as a devitrification product of vitreous silica, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 19, 271 (1936).

[250] E. Preston, Crystallization in silicate slags

and glasses, Trans. Faraday Soc. 37, 209 (1941). [251] H. R. Swift, Some experiments on crystal growth and solution in glasses, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 30, 165 (1947).

[252] S. B. Bhattachayee, X-ray study of crystallization of amorphous silica, Science and Culture 13, 469 (1948).

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[254] H. D. Minchin, Coefficient of expansion of fused quartz, Phys. Rev. 24, 1 (1907).

[255] D. Kaye, The expansion and thermal hysteresis of fused silica, Phil. Mag. 20, 718 (1910). [256] H. L. Callendar, Anisotropic expansion of a drawn tube of vitreous silica, Phil. Mag. [6] 23, 998 (1912). [257] H. Donaldson, Coefficient of expansion of fused silica and mercury, Proc. Phys. Soc. London 24, 186 (1912); Collected Researches NPL 9, 183 (1913).

[258] H. L. Callendar, The expansion of silica, Phys. Soc. London 24, 195 (1911-2); Nature 92, 467 (1913). [259] F. J. Harlow, Thermal expansion of mercury and vitreous silica, Nature 92, 467 (1913), Proc. Phys. Soc. London 26, 85 (1914).

[260] W. H. Souder, P. Hidnert, Thermal expansion of fused silica, BS Sci. Pap. 21, 1 (1929). [261] F. J. Harlow, Thermal expansion of mercury and vitreous silica, Phil. Mag. 7, 674 (1929). [262] R. W. Douglas, J. O. Isard, An apparatus for the measurement of small differential expansions and its use for the study of fused silica, J. Sci. Inst. 29, 13 (1952).

[263] M. D. Karkhanavala, Bibliography of thermal expansion of glasses, Glass Ind. 33, 403 (1952).

i. Viscosity and Thermal Reactions
[264] C. E. Guye, M. Finhorn-Bodzehowski, Sur le

frottement interieur des fils de quartz aux
basses temperatures, Arch. sci. phys. et nat.
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[265] C. E. Guye, A. More in, Frottement interieur des fils de quartz aux températures élevées, Arch. sci. phys. et nat. [5] 2, 351 (1920).

[266] A. Pazziani, C. E. Guye, Influence du recuit sur le frottement interieur des fils de quartz aux températures élevées, Arch. sci. phys. et nat. [5] 6, (1924).

[267] F. W. Preston, The temperature coefficient of

viscosity and its relation to some other properties of liquids and glasses, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 15, 365 (1932).

[268] S. C. Waterton, The viscosity-temperature relationship and some inferences on the nature of molten and of plastic glass, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 16, 244 (1932).

[269] L. H. Adams, Annealing of glass, J. Franklin Inst. 216, 39 (1933).

[270] H. R. Lillie, Viscosity-time-temperature relations in glass at annealing temperatures, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 16, 619 (1933). [271] A. Winter, Time problem in annealing, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 27, 266 (1943).

[272] A. Q. Tool, Relation between inelastic de forma

bility and thermal expansion of glass in its annealing range, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 29, 240 (1946).

effect on the rate of annealing of glass, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 31, 218 (1947). [274] G. D. Redson, The theoretical development of simplified annealing schedules, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 32, 32 (1948).

[275] P. Acloque, Considerations of some progress in the theories of annealing and toughening, Verres et réfractaires 5, 247 (1951). [276] G. M. Blaimont, J. R. DeBast, P. G. Migeotte, H. P. C. Vandecapelle, A new approach to the study of viscosity of glass in and below the annealing range, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 35, 49 (1951).

[277] W. Capps, Viscosity of glass, J. Colloid Sci. 7 334 (1952).

[278] I. Peyches, The viscous flow of glass at low temperature, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 36, 164 (1952).

[279] R. O. Davies, G. O. Jones, Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of glasses, Advances in Physics 2, 370 (1953).

[280] P. L. Kirby, Internal friction in glass, Part I: Theoretical aspects, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 37, 7 (1953).

j. Other Properties of Fused Silica

[281] A. Dufour, Reduction de la silice par l'hydrogene, Compt. rend. 138, 1101 (1904). [282] L. W. Tilton, A. Q. Tool, Hetrogenity of fused quartz, BS J. Research 3, 619 (1929) RP449. [283] L. H. Milligan, The impact abrasion hardness of certain minerals and ceramic products, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 19, 187 (1936).

[284] F. Knoop, C. G. Peters, W. B. Emerson, A sensitive pyramidal diamond tool for indentation measurements, NRS J. Research 23, 39 (1939) RP1120.

[285] H. M. Barrett, A. W. Bernie, M. Cohen, Adsorption of water vapor on silica surfaces by direct weighing, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2839 (1940).

[286] W. W. Winship, Wet and dry chlorine vs materials of chemical plant construction, Chem. Eng. 54, 214 (1947).

[287] R. W. Douglas, J. O. Isard, The action of water and sulphur dioxide on glass, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 33, 289 (1949). [288] I. Franke, The action of pure water, below its critical point on a quartz and fused silica, Bull. soc. Franc. minéral. et crist. 37, 503 (1950).

[289] R. W. Douglas, Density changes in fused silica, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 35, 206 (1951). [290] A. Rudnay, Evaporation of silica, Vacuum 1, 204 (1951).

[291] B. P. Colosky, Thermal conductivity measurements on silica, Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 31, 11 (1953). [292] P. W. Bridgman, I. Simon, Effects of very high pressures on glass, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 405 (1953).

fused silica, Nucleonics 11, 48 (1953).

[294] N. J. Grant, Vycor vs silica heat treating

tubes, Metal Progr. 64, 112 (1953).

[295] W. M. Jones, Permeability and soluability of He3 and He in vitreous silica, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 3093 (1953).

296] F. J. Norton, Helium diffusion through glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 36, 90 (1953).

297] H. T. Smyth, J. W. Londeree, G. E. Lorey, Compressibility of vitreous silica, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 36, 238 (1953).

6.5 Miscellaneous References

[298] C. Hahner, Gases in some optical and other

glasses, J. Research NBS 19, 95 (1937) RP1014. [299] E. C. Riley, J. M. Dallavolle, A study of

quartz-fuzing operations with special reference to the measurement and control of silica fumes, Public Health Reports 54, 352 (1939). [300] Anon., Precautions to be taken when working transparent vitreosil, Thermal Syndicate Ltd. Wallsend Northumberland.

[301] S. R. Scholes, ASTM definition of glass, Glass Ind. 26, 417 (1945).

[302] V. E. Lysaght, The Knoop identer as applied to testing nonmetallic materials, ASTM Bull. No. 138 (1946).

[303] O. Ralston, Quartz and silica, Mining Met. 28, c199 (1947).

[304] R. B. Ladoo, Fused quartz vs fused silica,

Mining Met. 29, 452 (1948).

[308] P. Denton, An interference micrometer for diameter measurements of textile filaments in moisture controlled atmospheres, J. Sci. Inst. 29, 55 (1952).

[309] W. Bobeth, Über Dickenmessungen in Luft an Fasern mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt, Z. ges. Textil-Ind. 54, 189 (1952).

[310] T. H. Garner, Vortex Company, Claremont, California. (advertising brochure).

[311] Microchemical Specialties Co., 1834 University Ave., Berkeley, California (advertising brochure).

[312] General Electric, Fused quartz catalog, Cleveland quartz works lamp division, G. E. Co., Cleveland, Ohio.

[313] Bulletin no. 4 Electric heating mantles, GlassCol Apparatus Co. Inc., Terre Haute, Indiana. [314] Corning Fused Silica, New Products Division, Corning Glass works, Corning, New York, March 1953.

[315] H. Carmichael, personal communication. [316] R. G. Olt, personal communication.

magnetic anisotropy of crystals, Ind. J. Phys. 27, 155 (1953).

W. A. Shenstone, The methods of glass blowing and of working silica in the oxy-gas flame (Longmans, Green and Co. London, 1907).

A. H. S. Holbourn, Production of very fine quartz fibers, J. Sci. Inst. 162, 331 (1939).

W. Bobeth, Beitrag zum Problem der Dickenmessung an Glasfasern, Faserfrosch u. Textiltech. 3, 19 (1952).

R. G. Olt, Improvements in method and equipment for drawing quartz fibers, MLM-656 (Mound Lab. Miamisburg, Ohio, 1954).

WASHINGTON, February 23, 1954.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 O-368021