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RESEARCHES
IN
GREECE
AND
THE LEVANT.
BY
THE REV. JOHN HARTLEY, M.A.
LATE MISSIONARY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.
"If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed."
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.
Map of the Route of the Rev. J. Hartley, on a Visit to the
......
to face p. 245
Apocalyptic Churches Map of the Morea; with the Routes of the Rev. J. Hartley...p. 376
Turkey the most unhappy of all countries-Deserted Burial-grounds
-Desolations of Ephesus-Laodicea-Sardis-Diminution of
population at Constantinople-Corfu-Ægina - Colossæ-
Discovery of Apamea and Sagalassus-Site of Antioch of
Pisidia, and other places mentioned in Scripture, not yet dis-
covered-Reflections-Destruction of the Janissaries-Mas-
sacre of Greeks-of Twenty-seven Samiots at Vourla-Total
desolation of Psara-Disappearance of Mahomedans and their
religion from the Morea-Unhappy condition of Women in
Turkey-Polygamy-Slavery of Greek Females-Scene of
distress at Magnesia....
Desolate state of the Morea, illustrated by Scripture-Tripolitza,
and the open country, after the last incursion of Ibrahim Pasha
-Towns demolished-Soil in a state of devastation-High-
ways abandoned-Khans burnt-Cattle destroyed- Churches
in ruins-Olive-trees cut down-The inhabitants taking refuge
in caves and mountains-Fires in Turkey-Terrible conflagra-
tion at Constantinople in 1826-Families resident in the
tombs of the Ancient Eginetans-Reflections on the compa-
rative privileges of our country-Respect paid to Englishmen
in Turkey-Execution of Divine menaces against sin, exem-
plified in the sufferings of the Oriental Church, and in the de-
cline of Turkish power..
CHAP. III.
RELIGION OF THE MODERN GREEKS.
Primitive and Modern Christianity of the East contrasted-Inade-
quate views of human danger-Greek Preachers-Justification
-Regeneration-Worship of the Virgin-Prayers addressed to
her-Titles given her-Practical confidence in her assistance,
evidenced during an action with Pirates-Worship of Saints-
St. Spiridion and other Patron Saints of the Ionian Islands-
Singular circumstance connected with the Worship of the Arch-
angel Michael at Colossæ-Facility with which new Saints are
worshipped-Two Spezziotes martyred at Scio, and sainted-
Modern Greek Martyrdoms.....
T
CHAP. IV.
Picture-Worship-Description of the Pictures in Churches-Modes
of worshipping them-Pictures in Houses-Emolument and
imposition of Painters in the Sale of Pictures, illustrated by an
anecdote-Arguments against the Worship of Saints and Pic-
tures from the Septuagint-from Epiphanius-from Chryso-
stom-Greek ideas of Fasting-Fasts observed by Pirates-
The Four Lents- Articles of Food prohibited..
CHAP. V.
The Seven Mysteries or Sacraments-Baptism-Mode of immer-
sion-Classical Names given to Children-The Chrism—
Transubstantiation recently introduced amongst the Greeks-
Mode of celebrating the Lord's Supper-Azymists and Enzy-
mists-Confession, and Absolution-Abuses arising from these
doctrines-Anecdote of a Monk who confessed to the Author
-Excess of precaution against the Marriage of Relatives-
The Holy Oil-Animosities of the Greeks and Latins-Proces-
sion of the Holy Ghost-View of Purgatory-Marriage of the
Clergy-Monasticism-Concluding Remarks.....
39
59
69
CONTENTS.
CHAP. VI.
MORAL CHARACTER OF GREEKS.
Greek Character not inferior to Turkish-Violation of the Third
Commandment-Anecdote of a Greek Priest, who swore with
delight on procuring the New Testament- The Fourth Com-
mandment The Sixth-Dissensions during the Revolution-
Rival Chieftains of the Morea-Vengeance inflicted on Turks
-The Turk burnt alive by a Greek Woman-Union of Cru-
elty and Superstition at Spezzie- Instance of Generosity to
Turkish Prisoners-The Seventh Commandment-Divorces-
Kindness of Brothers to their Sisters-Freedom from Drunk-
enness- -Rapine and Piracy-Greek Klephts-Robbery of an
Ecclesiastic of Rank-Murder of a Bishop by the Maniotes-
Suppression of Piracy on the arrival of Capo d'Istria....
CHAP. VII.
Falsehood of Greeks not superior to Turkish-Turkish False-
witnesses-Conduct of Sir Thomas Maitland to Greek Judges
- Illustration of St. Paul's Character of the Cretans-Disadvan-
tages under which the Oriental Clergy have laboured- Excel-
lent Character of two Greek Ecclesiastics, and interesting Ad-
venture with one of them in the Island of Cefalonia...
88
106
CHAP. VIII.
CEMETERIES, AND RITES OF BURIAL.
Turkish, Jewish, and Armenian Cemeteries at Smyrna and Con-
stantinople-Effect produced by the English Burial-Service in
Turkey-Greek Funerals-Illustration of the Miracle at Nain
-Persons buried alive-The last embrace of the deceased-
Professional Mourners- Inspection of graves at the close of
twelve months-Superstitious ideas concerning undecayed
corpses.
114