Q. What is it used for? A. For reckoning latitude and longitude? 30 Degrees 1 Sign, S. 12 Signs, or 360 Degrees, the whole Great Circle of the Zodiac. 1. How many seconds are in 3 minutes? In 6? In 10? 2. How many minutes are in 2 degrees? In 5? In 6? In 7? In 9? 3. How many degrees in 2 signs? In 3? In 4? In 6? 4. How many degrees does the sun travel over in one day, or 24 hours? A. 360. Q. How many degrees does the sun pass over in one day, not reckoning the night, when the days and nights are of an equal length? A. 180. Q. How many degrees in one hour? A. 15. Q. Why? A. Because the sun travels over the circumference of the earth in 24 hours, he must travel over 15 degrees in one hour, for 15 times 24 are 360. 5. How many degrees in 2 hours? In 4? In 6? In 10 ? In 20 ? 6. What is the difference of time, then, between London, (through which the meridian runs, and from which longitude is generally computed,) and 15 degrees east of London? One hour. Q. Why? A. Because the sun travels 15 degrees in one aour. 7. What is the difference of time between London and 30 degrees west of London? What 60 degrees? What 75 degrees? 8. The difference in distance between Washington in the District of Columbia, and Missouriopolis in Missouri, is 15 degrees; what is the difference of time between those places? Q. What are the denominations of Circular Motion? A. Seconds, minutes, degrees, signs, and circles. Exercises for the Slate. 40. How many degrees in 2 signs? In 3602 signs? A. 108120 degrees. 41. In 120 minutes how many degrees? In 192000 minutes ? A. 3202 degrees. TABLES OF PARTICULARS. Q. How many single things make a dozen?.. A. 12. Q. How many dozen a great gross ? . A. 12. A. 144. A. 20. A. 5. Q. How many sheets make a quire of paper? A. 24. 1. How many single things are in 2 dozen? In 3? In 5 In 12? 2. What will 2 dozen of pearl buttons come to, at 2 cents. apiece? What will 3 dozen? What 4? 3. What will a great gross of buttons come to, at $1 a dozen ? 4. What will 2 quires of paper come to, if you give 1 cent for a sheet? What will 3 quires? What will 4 quires? 5. If you give 20 cents for 1 quire of paper, how many cents must you pay for 1 ream? For 2 reams? Q. How many pounds in a barrel of pork? A. 200. 6. What will a barrel of pork come to, at 4 cents a pound? 7. What will 2 barrels of beef come to at 4 cents a pound? BOOKS Q. When a sheet is folded into 2 leaves, what is it called? A. Folio. Q. When folded into 4 leaves, what is it called? A. Quarto, or 4to. Q. When folded into 8 leaves, what is it called? A. Octavo, or 8vo. Q. When folded into 12 leaves, what is it called? A. 18mo. Repeat the STERLING MONEY. TABLE. 4 Farthings, (qrs.) make 1 Penny, marked d. 12 Pence 20 Shillings 1. How many farthings are there in 2 pence? In 3? In 4? In 6? In 8 In 10? In 12? In 20? 2. How many pence are there in 2 shillings? In 3? In 5? In 7? 3. How many shillings are there in 2 pounds? In 3? In 6? 4. If 1 pair of gloves is worth 8 pence, how many pence are 2 pair worth? 3 pair? 4 pair? 5 pair? 6 pair? 10 pair? 5. When a bushel of wheat cost 10 shillings, what will 2 bushels cost? What will 4? What will 6? What will 9? What will 12? 6. If 1 cart cost 1 pound, how many shillings will buy 2? How many 3? How many 4? How many 5? How many 9? How many 12?. 7. How many farthings will buy 2 inkstands, if they cost a penny apiece? How many will buy 3? How many will buy 4? Note. The characters used for English money are £. for Libra, the Latin for pounds; s. for Solidi, the Latin for shillings; d. for Denarü, the Latin for pence; and grs. for Quadrantes, the Latin for farthings. A Pound Sterling is equal to $4,444 cents, Fed. Money. An English Guinea, An English Shilling, “ ແ 4,66 cents, 66 $1, Federal Money, is equal to 4 s. 6 d. Sterling. Q. How is 1 farthing sometimes written ? Exercises for the Slate. 1 A. 4 d. Ꭿ. d. A. 3 d. 42. How many shillings in 3 pounds? In 4200 pounds? A. 84060 shillings. 43. How many pence in 3 shillings? In 2600 shillings? A. 31236 pence. 44. How many farthings in 4 pence? In 2700 pence ? A. 10816 farthings. 45. How many pence in 8 farthings? In 6200 farthings? A. 1552 pence. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF REDUCTION, Involving the Rule, with Miscellaneous Examples. 1. At 20 cents a quart, what will 2 gallons of rum cost? What will 4 gallons? What will 5 gallons? 2. At $60 a hogshead, what will 2 pipes of wine come to? What will 4? What will 6? 3. How many minutes in 2 hours? In 4? In 6? 4. How many weeks in 14 days? In 21? In 49 ? Q. What are such questions as these in? A. Reduction. Q. What, then, is the changing numbers from one denomina tion to another called? A. Reduction. Q. In 2 bushels of corn, how many pecks? Q. Are 8 pecks of corn as much as 2 bushels? Q. Is the value altered, then? Q. Do you multiply or divide, to find how many furlongs there are in 2 miles 2 Q. When, then, the reduction is performed by multiplication, what is it called? A. Reduction Descending. Q. Do you multiply or divide, to find how many gallons there are in 8 quarts? Q. When, then, the reduction is performed by division, what is it called? A. Reduction Ascending. Q. From the preceding remarks, how many kinds of Reduction do there appear to be? and what are they? A. Two;-Reduction Ascending and Descending. RULE. Q. What do you multiply 2 furlongs by, to bring them into rods? 1. As a general rule, then, what do you multiply furlongs A. By what makes a furlong. II. What do you multiply days, bushels, &c. by? A. Bushels by what makes a bushel, days by what makes a day, &c. Q. What do you divide by to bring 8 gills into pints? III. As a general rule, then, what must you divide gills, minutes, quarters, &c. by? A. Gills by gills, minutes by minutes, quarters by quarters, &c. Q. Why do you divide thus? A. Because 4 gills are equa! to 1 pint, 60 minutes to 1 hour, &c. Q. What do you multiply pounds (money) by? A. Shillings. Q. What do you multiply days by? A. Hours. What do you multiply by, to bring 25 pounds into far things? A. By 20, 12, and 4. Q. How do you bring 40 cwt. into tons? 1 cut. into drams? 1 ton into drams? Drams into tons? Drams into cut. ? 1 lb. into grains? Grains into pounds? Ells Flemish into nails? Nails into ells Flemish? Quarters into ells English? Elis English into quarters? 5 bushels into pints? 200 pints into bushels? 360 degrees into inches? Fect into furlongs? 5 weeks into seconds? Seconds into weeks? Years into seconds? Seconds into years? How do you tell what 1 tun of wine will cost, at 6 cents a gill? Exercises for the Slate. 46. At 6 cents a pound, what will 2 qrs. 8 lbs. of sugar cost? OPERATION. qrs. lbs. 2 8 28 56 lbs. 8 lbs. 64 lbs. Why do you multiply the 2 qrs. by 28 lbs. ? A. Because, since it takes 28 pounds to make 1 qr., there will of course be 28 times as many pounds as quarters; that is, 28 times the quar ters. What do you do with the 8 lbs. ? A. I add it to 56 lbs., making 64 lbs. Why do you multiply the 64 lbs. by 6 cents? A. Because every pound of sugar cost 6 cents; that is, 6 times the pounds. 6 cts. $3,84 Ans. |