The use of the rule, and the principles on which it is founded 115 Commercial use of the terms capital or stock, and dividend b peated. As often as any character is repeated, so many times its value is re. ↑ A less character before a greater diminishes its value. A less character after a greater increases its value. *For every affixed this becomes ten times as many. For every C and Ɔ put one at each end, it is increased ten times. A line over any number increases it 1000 fold. ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON ARITHMETIC. Numeration. 1. A COMPARISON of the different objects, that come within the reach of our senses, soon leads us to perceive, that, in all these objects, there is an attribute, or quality, by which they can be supposed susceptible of increase or diminution; this attribute is magnitude. It generally appears in two different forms. Sometimes as a collection of several similar things, or separate parts, and is then designated by the word number.J Sometimes it presents itself as a whole, without distinction of parts; it is thus, that we consider the distance between two points, or the length of a line extending from one to the other, as also the outlines and surfaces of bodies, which determine their figure and extent, and finally this extent itself.) The proper characteristic of this last kind of magnitude, is the connexion or union of the parts, or their continuity; whilst in number we consider how many parts there are; a circumstance to which the word quantity at first had relation, though afterwards it was applied to magnitude in general, magnitude considered as a whole being called continued quantity, to distinguish it from number, which is called discrete, or discontinued quantity. 2. All that relates to magnitude is the object of mathematics; numbers, in particular, are the object of arithmetic. |