SOME EVIDENCES OF PRESENT STATUS OF OPINION RELATIVE TO REQUIREMENT OF PRACTICE TEACHING FOR SECONDARY TEACHERS. Last year a communication was addressed to all professors and deans of departments and colleges of education in Ohio. One question included was as follows: "Would you retain practice teaching as a requirement for securing the State certificate?" The replies were practically unanimous in favor of retaining it. In detail they were as follows: 1. Rather more practice teaching than less. 2. Would want practice teaching optional: 3. Think it unwise to eliminate practice teaching. 4. I should regard the elimination of practice teaching as the most serious blow that could be struck at the professional training of high-school teachers. 5. We believe in practice teaching for secondary teachers. 6. Favor retention of practice teaching. 7. Yes, retain practice teaching. 8. Most emphatically, I favor retention of practice teaching. 9. Practice teaching is of great value. 10. I favor retention of practice teaching. 11. Yes, I favor practice teaching. 12. Requirement is about right. 13. Practice teaching should remain a required subject. 14. Let the work remain as it is. 15. Neither favor nor oppose present requirement. 16. I regard practice teaching as the most essential of all the requirements. Out of 16 replies, 14 favor the requirement of practice teaching, 1 would make it optional, and 1 is neutral. At the recent meeting of the Society of College Teachers of Education at Kansas City two votes were taken as to the requirement of practice teaching for secondary teachers. The group voting numbered about 500, of whom about 200 were superintendents of public-school systems. The question was first put to the teachers of education, "Do you favor practice teaching for secondary teachers?" The vote was unanimous in favor of such a requirement. Then the same question was put to the superintendents present, and again the vote was unanimous in favor of the requirement. It also appears that in the smaller cities, in villages, and rural communities, the opinion is not so unanimous. Some persons who are opposed fear that such work will injure the regular work of the school, and some few frankly say that they do not believe that practice teaching helps the prospective teacher. THE OBSTACLES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICE TEACHING FOR SECONDARY TEACHERS. From the data included in this study, from many conferences with professors of education and with public-school officials and teachers the author has come to believe that the obstacles to the efficient growth of this work are as follows: (1) Conservatism of educational institutions. This seems to be the most outstanding. It is shown in a wide variety of ways, such as meeting a formal requirement but discouraging the work by word and deed. (2) Inefficiency of the work itself. The principles involved are good, are admitted to be good by practically all, but some practice teaching is little better than the teaching of a beginner, without such training, under the old system. The lack of efficient supervision is probably the weakest point. When this is weak, the student teacher is left entirely to the process of "trial and accidental success." The lack of supervision is due, in most cases, to lack of money. The small colleges, particularly, are hampered in this respect. (3) Although much of the work is not highly efficient, the author is convinced that the greater share of the work is not only better than the old system of no practice teaching, but many systems are attaining a very high degree of efficiency. What is needed to help this movement is data to show the actual superiority of this systematic training. With such facts as revealed by the study of Prof. Childs, more progress can be made than by having to say continually that we believe the training is better. (4) A noncooperative attitude assumed by many public-school men when the success of the work depends upon a cooperative plan between public schools and college or university. 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SUBJECT PREVIOUS TO THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF SEVENTEEN (1907). Atkinson, Fred Washington. The professional preparation of secondary teachers in the United States. Leipzig, printed by Breitkopf & Haertel, 1893. 64 pp. Bibliography: pp. 63-64. Cotton, Fassett A. Professional training of high school teachers. In his Education in Indiana. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, 1904. pp. 219-31. Elliott, Edward C., and others. The education and training of secondary teachers. In National society for the scientific study of education. Fourth Yearbook. Pt. I. Chicago, 1905. 106 pp. Gilbert, Charles B. Discussion of the training of secondary teachers. In National society for the scientific study of education. Fourth Yearbook. Part II. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1906. Pp. 56-62. Hanus, Paul Henry. Professional preparation of high school teachers. In his Professional training of high school teachers. Educator-journal, 2: 346–52, March, 1902. Luckey, George W. A. The professional training of secondary teachers in the United States. New York, The Macmillan Co.; Berlin, Mayer and Muller, 1903. 391 pp. Manchester, O. L. Are we (normal schools) justified in attempting to prepare teachers for the high school? Vidette, February, 1901. Pp. 1-6. Russell, James E. The training of teachers for secondary schools. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1901. (Winona, Minn.) The Association, 1901. Pp. 636–41. Snedden, David S. To what extent may the training given in our California State normal schools prepare for secondary school teaching. Western journal of education, 10: 457-70, May, 1905. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SUBJECT SINCE 1907. Alexander, Carter. The preparation of secondary school teachers. In Association of colleges and secondary schools of the Southern States. Proceedings, 1913. Pp. 60-71. Bagley, William C. The professional training of high school teachers. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1912. Pp. 686-91. Bakeless, O. H. The preparation and improvement of the high school teacher. Pennsylvania school journal, 57: 338-41, February, 1909. Baldwin, Bird T. Practice schools in university departments of education. Journal of educational psychology, 1911, pp. 459-463. A description of the existing facilities provided by such departments for practice teaching. Brown, John Franklin. The professional training of the teacher. In his The American high school. New York, The Macmillan Company, 1909. Pp. 197-207. Brown, John Franklin. The training of teachers for secondary schools in Germany and the United States. New York, The Macmillan Company, 1911. Pp. 335. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Fifth annual report, pp. 75-77. The training of teachers. Childs, H. G. Benefits of practice teaching for secondary teachers; a follow-up study for eight years at Indiana University. Committee of seventeen. Reports on professional preparation of high school teach ers. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1907. Pp. 523-668. Cook, John W. The practice school and the work of the heads of departments in it. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1914. Pp. 541-48. Farrington, Frederic Ernest. Practice work in university departments of education. Austin, Tex., University of Texas, 1909, 42 pp. (Bulletin of the University of Texas, no. 134, November 1, 1909.) Strayer, and Jacobs. Observation and practice teaching in college departments of education. Year Book of Society of college teachers of education, 1909. A general investigation of the problem in 1909. Harwood, Samuel E. The training school as a school of observation and practice. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1909. Pp. 557-61. Hillyer, Thomas Arthur. Professional training for teachers of secondary schools in colleges and universities. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1909. Pp. 587-92. Johnson, C. H. Facilities for teacher-training in colleges and universities. School review monograph, no. VI, February, 1915. Pp. 7-22. Kelly, F. J. and Scott, I. O. What training school facilities are provided in State normal schools. In Educational administration and supervision, November, 1915. Pp. 591-598. Kendall, Calvin N. Training of high school teachers. School review, 21:92–102, February, 1913. Locke, George Herbert. The training of teachers for secondary schools, and the relation of the universities thereto. In Ontario educational association. Proceedings, 1907. Toronto, William Briggs, 1907. Pp. 121-32. Manny, Frank A. Practice teaching and observation work. In his City training schools for teachers. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1915. Pp. 60-66 (United States Bureau of Education. Bulletin, 1914, no. 47.) McGregor, D. Professional training for teachers of secondary schools. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1909. Pp. 581-587. Morehouse, Frances. Practice teaching in the school of education, University of Illinois Bulletin, October 21, 1912, No. 8. A description of the facilities offered by that institution previous to that year. Does not give facts about the proposed reorganization of the University secondary training school. Parker, S. C. Methods of teaching in high schools, Ch. XXI. Gives general suggestions for practice teaching. Largely the same as plans in use at University of Chicago. Pease, Henry. The professional training of teachers for the secondary schools. Pennsylvania school journal, 59:282–85, February, 1911. Pittinger, L. A. Practice work for prospective teachers of English in the high school. Jour CONTENTS: From the standpoint of the normal school. By J. H. Hill. II. From the standpoint of the university. By A. F. Lange. Robertson, C. B. Training of secondary school teachers. School review, 21:225-34, April, 1913. Russell, James E. Professional factors in the training of the high school teacher. Educational review, 45:217-36, March, 1913. Sanders, W. H. Questionnaire with bibliography. In Pedagogical seminary, March, 1913. Pp. 48-57. Seerley, Homer H. The preparation of teachers for high schools. Journal of education, 82:117-18, August 19, 1915. Smith, H. L. High school practice teaching in connection with Indiana University. Educator-journal, 12:174-78, December, 1911. Suzzallo, Henry. Minimum qualifications for the training and certification of secondary school teachers. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1907. Pp. 252-56. Terman, Lewis M. Scholarship and the professional training of high school teachers. Educator-journal, 7:447-50, May, 1907. Van Hise, Charles R. The training of teachers for the secondary schools. In National association of state universities. Transactions and proceedings, 1908 Bangor, Maine, Bangor Coöperative Co. Pp. 16-43. Walker, N. W. The preparation of the high school teacher. In North Carolina association of the city public school superintendents and principals. Proceedings and addresses, 1911. Raleigh, Edwards and Broughton Printing Co., 1911. Pp. 78-88. Tables. West, Willis Mason. The university and the preparation of high school teachers. In Minnesota educational association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1908. (St. Paul, Minn., Press of Syndicate Printing Company). Pp. 76-83. Willard J. Monroe. The problem of relating theory to observation and practice in the training of teachers for city schools. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1912. Pp. 890-96. Wilson, Harry B. The problem of professional training for high school teachers. Western journal of education (Ypsilanti), 3: 49-60, February, 1910. Yocum, A. Duncan. Training of high school teachers: A plea for colleges of education. Pennsylvania journal of education, 57: 333-37, February, 1909. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY REGARDING TRAINING IN PRACTICE IN FOREIGN FIELDS. Bulletin of English board of education, 1909, training of secondary teachers; gives regulations governing practice work since 1909 for secondary teachers in England. Conference on the training of teachers in secondary schools for boys, Cambridge, England, 1902. Report of a conference on the training of teachers of secondary schools for boys, .convened by the vice chancellor of the University of Cambridge and held in the senate house, Cambridge, 14 and 15 November, 1902. Cambridge, University Press, 1902. 140 pp. De Garmo, Charles. Professional training of teachers for the secondary schools of Germany. In National education association. Journal of proceedings and addresses, 1907. Pp. 638-644. Includes a description of the Dugard, Marie. De la formation des maitres de l'enseignement secondaire a l'etranger et en France. Paris, A. Colin, 1902. 242 pp. Farrington, F. E. French secondary schools, ch. xv. training of the teachers for the lycees and colleges. Findlay, J. J. The training of teachers in a university. Notes on discussion classes and demonstration schools. Journal of education (London), 45: 839-41, December, 1913. James, H. R. Training of secondary teachers: I. In the United Kingdom, H. R. James. II. In Prussia and America, H. Sharp. III. In Bombay, J. Nelson Fraser. Calcutta, superintendent government printing, 1909. 144 pp. India, education department. Occasional papers No. 5. 102796°-17-6 |