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47. How much will a pile of wood 69 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 5 ft. high, cost at 3 cents per cubic foot?

48. I bought 17 boxes of sugar, each containing 357 pounds, at $.13 per lb. What was the amount of my purchase?

49. I bought a house at auction for $1975.37. I paid $547.26 for improvements and repairs, $137.29 for having it painted, and then sold it for a sum equal to three times as much as it had cost me in all. For how much did I sell it?

50. A man bought a bar of gold weighing 9 oz. 17 dwt. 13 gr., at $.04 per grain. What did it cost him?

SECTION IX.

COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION.

51. Definitions, Explanations, and Problems.

(a.) COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION is the multiplication of Compound Numbers. It does not differ in principle from Simple Multiplication.

1. What is the product of 181b 53 63 multiplied by 6?

tb 3 3

18 5 6

6

110 10 4

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SOLUTION.-6 times 63 363, which, since 83 = 13, must equal as many ounces as there are times 8 in 36, which are 4 times and 4 remainder. Hence 363 = 43 and 43. Writing the 43, we add the 43 to the product of the ounces, thus:

6 times 53303, and 43 are 343, which, since 123 = 1b, must equal as many pounds as there are times 12 in 34, which are 2 times and 10 remainder. Hence 343 2b and 103. Writing the 103, we add the 2tb to the product of the pounds, thus:

=

6 times 18b = 108, and 2b are 110lb, which, being the highest denomi nation, we write.

The answer, then, is 110mb 103 43.

2. Multiply £27 13s. 6d. 2 far. by 2.

3. Mutliply £19 17s. 4d. 1 far. by 4.

4. Multiply 29 lb. 4 oz. 5 dwt. 7 gr. by 7. 5. Multiply 28 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. 2 gi. by 9. 6. Multiply 69 bu. 2 pk. 5 qt. 1 pt. by 6. 7. Multiply 12 yd. 2 qr. 3 na. by 8.

8. Multiply 5 le. 2 m. 6 fur. 30 rd. by 9.

9. Multiply 96 yd. 2 ft. 10 in. by 5.

10. Multiply 5 w. 6 da. 20 h. 29 m. 43 sec. by 2.

11. Multiply 9 T. 14 cwt. 1 qr. 17 lb. 5 oz. 14 dr. by 8. 12. Multiply 8° 43′ 15′′ by 12.

13. Multiply £14 16s. 8d. 3 far. by 16.

14.* Multiply 7 m. 6 fur. 30 rd. 4 yd. 2 ft. 7 in. by 52.

15. Multiply 9 m. 5 fur. 20 rd. 2 yd. 1 ft. 4 in. by 12.

16. How much will 8 silver watches cost, at £3 15s. 11d. .ch?

17. How much will a man who earns £4 7s. 9d. 3 far. per month, earn in a year?

18. I bought 16 pieces of cloth, each measuring 32 yd. 3 qr. How many yards did I buy?

1 na.

19. A man bought 18 boxes of sugar, each weighing 4 cwt. 3 qr. 15 lb. 8 oz. How much did the whole weigh?

20. A person owned a rectangular garden, around which he wished to build a fence. To measure it, he took a pole 1 rd. 1 yd. 2 ft. 8 in. long, and found that the length of the field was 12 times, and its width 10 times, the length of the pole. What length of fence would be required?

21. I bought 4 loads of coal, each weighing 1 T. 5 cwt. 2 qr. 21 lb. What did the whole weigh, the quarter being reckoned at 28 pounds. (See 18, b.)

22. An English merchant bought 5 lots of iron, each weighing 6 T. 17 cwt. 3 qr. 17 lb. What was the weight of the whole? (See 18, b.)

* In reducing the product of the yards, observe that there will be 2 rods for every 11 yards.

23. How far will a man travel in 9 days, if he travels 33 m. 5 fur. 27 rd. 5 yd. 2 ft. 10 in. per day?

24. What is the weight of a dozen silver table-spoons, each weighing 1 oz. 5 dwt. 17 gr.?

1

25. I bought in London 17 bags of coffee, each weighing 2 cwt. qr. 22 lb., for £5 13s. 9d. per bag. What was the weight of the whole, and how much did I pay for it?

26. How much will 19 pieces of cloth cost, at 19 cents per nail, if each piece contains 24 yd. 3 qr. 1 na.?

SECTION X.

DIVISION.

52. Definitions and Explanations.

(a.) DIVISION is a process by which we ascertain how many times one given number is contained in another; or by which we ascertain what number is contained a given number of times in another given number.

ILLUSTRATIONS.-"24

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how many times 3?" and, "How many apples at 3 cents each can be bought for 24 cents?" are questions illustrating the first part of the definition (for they require us to find how many times 3 must be taken to equal 24); while "What is one-third of 24?" and "If 3 apples cost 24 cents, how many cents will 1 apple cost?" are questions illustrating the second part of the definition (for they require us to find what number must be taken 3 times to equal 24). Each question requires that 24 should be divided by 3.

(b.) The number to be divided is called the DIVIDEND; the number by which we divide is called the DIVISOR; and the result is called the QUOTIENT.

(c.) The REMAINDER, if there be one, will always be of the same denomination as the dividend.

NOTE. - Division is the reverse of Multiplication; for in Multiplication the factors are given and the product is required; while in Division the product and one factor are given, and the other factor is required. The dividend corresponds to the product, and the divisor and quotient to the factors.

(d.) We begin the division with the left-hand or highest denomination of the dividend. We first find how many times the divisor is contained in the smallest part of the dividend which will contain it, writing the result as the first figure of the quotient. We then reduce the remainder, if there be one, to the next lower denomination, and add to it the next figure of the dividend. We find how many times the divisor is contained in this sum, writing the quotient, and reducing the remainder as before, and so proceed till the division is completed.

1. $4767 - how many times $6?

SOLUTION. $4767 contains $6 as many times as 4767 contains 6.

6)4767 3

794

--

=

42

We divide thus: 6 is contained in 47 hundreds, 7 hundreds times, with 5 hundreds remainder (for 7 hundreds times 6 hundreds, and 5 hundreds added are 47 hundreds). Writing 7 as the hundreds figure of the quotient, we reduce the 5 hundreds to tens, thus: 5 hundreds = 50 tens, and 6 tens added are 56 tens. 6 is contained in 56 tens 9 tens times, with 2 tens remainder (for 9 tens times 6 are 54 tens, and 2 tens added are 56 tens). Writing 9 as the tens figure of the quotient, we reduce the 2 tens to units, thus:

2 tens = 20 units, and 7 units are 27 units. 6 is contained in 27 units 4 units times, with 3 units remainder (for 4 units times 6 are 24 units, and 3 units added are 27 units). We write 4 as the units figure of the quotient. Hence the quotient is 794, and the remainder is 3.

NOTE. The quotient really represents 794 times $6, or 794 units each equal to $6; and the remainder, 3, represents $3, and is an undivided part of the dividend.

2. What is of $4767?

SOLUTION. — of $4767 may be found by dividing 4767 by 6, as in the example last explained. The quotient is 794, and the remainder is 3; thus showing that of $4767 is $794, with a remainder of $3.

(e.) Methods of Proof.-1st. Multiply the quotient by the divisor, and to the product add the remainder. The result should equal the dividend.

2d. Subtract the remainder from the dividend, and divide the difference thus found by the quotient. The result should equal the divisor.

(f.) The remainder may be made a part of the quotient, by writing it over the divisor so as to form a fraction.

ILLUSTRATIONS.- In the first of the above questions, the quotient would become 7943, i. e. 7943 times $6; while in the second it would become $7943.

(g.) Whenever there is a remainder, the quotient may be carried out to Decimal Fractions, by reducing the remainder to tenths, then to hundredths etc. dividing at each step as already explained. In the above example, reducing the 3 units remainder to tenths, gives 3 units: 30 tenths, and 6 is contained in 30 tenths 5 tenths times. The quotient now takes the form 794.5, instead of 7948.

ILLUSTRATION.

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31. How many barrels of flour at $8 per barrel can be bough for $3576?

REASONING PROCESS. If 1 barrel can be bought for $8, as many barrel can be bought for $3576 as there are times $8 in $3576, which may be found by dividing 3576 by 8.

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