In all, 22 Modules and, and without the Pedestal, 17. The Intercolumniation, or space between the bases. of two columus, is 4 Modules. In all, 251 Modules, and without the Pedestal, 20 Modules. The intercolumniation is 51 Modules. In all, 28 Modules, and without Pedestal, 221. In all, 31 Modules, or, without Pedestal, 25. Thus to raise an order of a given height, divide the height, as expressed in feet or inches, by the number of modules belonging to the order, and the quotient will be the module or semidiameter of the base of the column. We say the base, because it is found that the column is more graceful if it insensibly diminishes towards the top, so as to lose one third of a module in the two upper thirds of the column. The module being thus ascertained, is divided into smaller parts, and thus gives the height of all the subdivisions. A vertical or perpendicular is drawn, on which are successively marked the lengths of the cornice, the frieze, the architrave, &c. On these points, horizontals are drawn, between which will be contained all the mouldings of the order. Or-if the circumference of the base of a column be measured with a string, and multiplied by 0,159, the module will be found; and from this, the height of the whole edifice, and of all its parts. Pediments are triangular structures, whose height may be much varied according to their extent. There are some whose height is a third, fourth, fifth or sixth of the base. This proportion is left to the taste of the artist; and it is pretty much so with the various mouldings which compose the cornices, capitals, &c. Pilasters are square columns (parallelopipeds) seldom detached, but fastened to the wall or wainscot, and projecting nearly a third or fourth of a module. In other respects, their ornaments, capitals, base, and all their proportions are regulated by the rules of the order they belong to. THE Cuts of the three first classes are copied from the French original; those of the fourth and fifth classes, from drawings by pupils of the Monitorial School. The copperplate was designed by the translator. For the purpose of exhibiting the four principal orders, and affording an opportunity of comparing their relative height, grace, and strength, the module of each order is the same, viz. three twentieths of an inch. PROBLEMS IN Arithmetick and Geometry. 10000. It is easy to unite two branches of instruction, which are so important and so analagous. Artists and mechanicks ought to be able themselves to measure their work, whatever it may be; and to draw plans, to make contracts for work, to calculate the price, and quantity of materials necessary for the work; and in fine, to make all the estimates required by the art they practise. To enable them to do this, we shall unite the elements of Geometry and Arithmetick, explain the problems and rules of most common occurrence, and add numerical examples to illustrate their application. The master will vary the examples at pleasure. Inches are divided into tenths, hundredths, thousandths, &c. and calling the inch unity, or a whole, we place a comma at the right hand of it to separate the fractions or parts. For example, to express 8 inches and 6 tenths, we write 8,6; for 9 inches and 72 hundredths, we write 9,72; for 10 inches and 626 thousandths, we write 10,626, and so on. If there be no whole inches, a cipher is put in the place of inches, and the comma as before, thus, 0,382 stands for 382 thousandths of an inch, or as the first column at the right of |