ceeds to render it to metal, and usually finishes his day's work before noon, unless by overwork extra pigs are made. The yield of galena here is sixty-five per cent., depending, however, upon the quality of the ore, and its freedom from foreign matter. Scientific analysis has proven that there is eighty-two per cent. in the pure galena, but it is next to impossible to produce this quantity by the Scotch hearth. The following is a statement of the amount of mineral taken from the principal mines, during the dates given, and received at Blow & Kennett's Furnace : Hopkins & Hersey, from April, 1858, to Nov. 1, 1859............... 910,000 lbs. Culpepper & Hersey, from 66 Frazer & Hersey, from February," 46 ..2,200,000 66 46 66 Hopkins, Hersey & Co., to whom we are indebted for valuable. information, etc., have an extensive and profitable mine, which, during the eighteen months previous to the 1st November, 1859, produced 1,200,000 pounds of mineral. Joseph Hopkins, Esq., the senior partner, came from the lead region of Washington County, where several years' experience as a practical miner well qualified him for the extensive operations he has so successfully conducted at Granby. There are other mines equally rich; and Culpepper & Hersey have taken out more galena than any other on the diggings. Frazer's mine has produced over 1,250,000 pounds of mineral. It was opened in the winter of 1859, but is now abandoned, having been exhausted. In the spring of 1858 the largest piece of mineral ever taken out at Granby, was raised here. It weighed 1700 pounds, and is now at the office of Blow & Kennett, St. Louis. There are between forty and fifty mines now being worked, which employ an average of 500 miners. The total amount of mineral received at the furnace, during the year 1858, was 2,806,881 pounds; and from January 1 to November 1, 1859, 4,753,652 pounds. The total amount of lead manufactured in 1858 was 26,225 pigs, of eighty-one pounds each. Lead made in 1859, up to November 1st, 35,741 pigs. THE GRANITE AND KAOLINS OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. [THE following article on this important subject was written expressly for this work by F. WOOLFORD, Esq., Paton P.O., Bollinger County.] Kaolin that is sufficiently pure, and free from all foreign matter, and well adapted to the manufacture of true porcelain or hard china-ware, is but very seldom found anywhere in this country; hence any State possessing it may look upon it as a rare and valuable mineral. Kaolin, however, of the best quality is found in township 33, range 8 east, upon section 36, six miles southwest from Paton P.O., and eight miles from the village of Bristol. This kaolin, upon thorough and practical investigation, has proved to be a very extensive deposit, and of a number one quality. It is found among the primitive rock, fourteen feet below the surface; it is six feet thick or more, of a good quality, very white and friable, meager to touch, well decomposed; it occurs below the gneiss; this, as well as the diorite below it, is intercepted and intersected by veins of feldspar, occurring sometimes in massive deposits and at other times in veins; the decomposing action of the weather has gradually converted the gneiss into a red, and the diorite into a blackish-gray mass, very much resembling kaolin, but which could not be used on account of the color. The feldspar is, however, thoroughly decomposed, and contains but little quartz, consisting chiefly of kaolin, somewhat plastic; and is well adapted to the manufacture of true porcelain and the finest and most substantial articles of iron stone-ware, with a proper proportion of quartz, sand, and feldspar; also, by varying the mixture, the finest quality of ironstone china and other earthenwares can be produced. The next clay of importance is called "sandy stiff" or ball clay, by which latter name it is known by practical potters. This is nearly allied to the china clay, and possesses many of the same properties. It is unaltered in the porcelain kiln, becomes very white, and will admit from twenty-five to thirty per cent. of flint or silex. This clay is very plastic, and is the best of the kind I have discovered in Missouri. Its locality is in township 34, range 8 east, in the southwest corner of Perry County, and about twelve miles from Bristol. I believe it will be found in quantities sufficient for all practical purposes. The next clay of importance is the "pipe clay," found in section 13, township 33, range 9 east. This contains from two to two and a half per cent. of iron, and a small proportion of lime, but is more plastic than any of the clays, is a very good white, and admits fifty per cent. of flint or silex, (a very desirable quantity,) and can be advantageously combined with the other clays for the manufacture of all kinds of common earthenwares. A fine, white quartz sand, of good quality, and closely resembling the St. Genevieve sand, is found upon the last-named locality. This sand is well adapted to the manufacture of glass, and for glazing for pottery. A very extensive bed of fire clay (twenty-five feet thick) is found at this same locality, well adapted to the manufacture of the best quality of fire brick, pottery, glass pots, etc. From this clay I am making from fifteen to twenty thousand gallons of hard-glazed stoneware per year, and various other articles. This deposit seems to be inexhaustible. The mountain is based upon it for more than a mile, and is capped with white sandstone. Near this same locality is another bed of kaolin, which is not sufficiently pure for manufacturing hard ironstone china, but would make very good common queensware. I have also discovered, in township 33, range 9 east, (one and a half miles from Paton,) another bed of very fine kaolin, well adapted to the manufacture of true porcelain and ironstone china; and combined with the pipe or ball clays, would produce every variety of earthenware. In the same vicinity is found a stratified chert of suitable quality for the erection of mills for grinding silex for pottery or glazes. In the fire clay above spoken of are found considerable quantities of cobalt of the purest quality, also tin and nickel. These minerals are found mixed with the fire clay upon the side of a hill two hundred and fifty feet in height, having been separated from the rock above, and in its descent mixed with the clay. This rock has the appearance of sienite, accompanied by feldspathic sand, and some portions of it resemble red granite. All the clays and other minerals above spoken of are found in close proximity to each other, and are easy of access. My opinion is, that if practical potters and capitalists could be convinced that all the wares named can be readily produced here, with wood as fuel, this would very soon become the great Staffordshire of America, and hundreds of thousands of dollars that are now sent to foreign countries annually for china, glass, and queensware, could be invested in the manufacture of better ware at lower prices in Missouri. We have here an abundance of wood for fuel, and beautiful, rapid streams, affording ample water power. The soil is well adapted to the |