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PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.

WHITE'S GRADED SCHOOL SERIES.

Complete in Three Books :

I. PRIMARY ARITHMETIC.

II. INTERMEDIATE ARITHMETIC.

III. COMPLETE ARITHMETIC.

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This Series of Arithmetics is specially designed for Graded Schools, the successive books being respectively adapted, both in matter and method, to the several grades of pupils using them. Neither book is an epitome of the succeeding one.

This Series is the only one, yet published, which combines Mental and Written Arithmetic in a practical and philosophical manner. The two classes of exercises go hand in hand throughout the Series, each being made the complement of the other.

The Series also faithfully embodies the Inductive Method of Instruction. The definitions, principles, and rules are placed after the problems, and are deduced from the processes.

These three important features have permitted the presentation of the whole subject of Arithmetic in much less space than is employed in other series. The use of White's Graded-School Arithmetics will result in a mastery of this branch in full ONE-THIRD less time than is now devoted to it.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by
WILSON, HINKLE & CO.,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ohio.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by
WILSON, HINKLE & CO.,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

ELECTROTYPED AT THE TRANKLIN TYPE FOUNDRY, CINCINNATI.

HARVARD

UNIVERSIT

LIBRARY

PREFACE.

IT is claimed for this treatise that it possesses three very important characteristics, to wit:

1. It is specially adapted to the grade of pupils jo which it is designed. It is not an abridgment of the Complete Arithmetic. It presents only those operations and principles which can be mastered by intermediate classes, and each subject is treated as thoroughly as the advancement of the pupils will permit. It is also believed that the subjects are introduced in the best possible order. There are reasons in favor of placing United States Money before Fractions, but stronger reasons favor the reverse order of arrangement in this work.

2. It combines Mental and Written Arithmetic in a practical and philosophical manner. This is done by making every mental exercise preparatory to a written one; and thus these two classes of exercises, which have been so unnaturally divorced, are united as the essential complements of each other. This union is natural and complete, and, as a consequence, the several subjects are treated in much less space than is possible when mental and written exercises are presented in separate books.

3. It faithfully embodies the Inductive Method. Instead of attempting to deduce a principle or rule from a single example, as is usually done, each process is developed inductively, and the successive steps are thoroughly mastered and clearly stated by the pupil before he is confronted with the author's generalization. See "Suggestions to Teachers." This method not only places "processes before rules," but

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