Art. 20. The three orders of any period, counting from the right, denote, respectively, Units, Tens, and Hundreds, as shown in the table: The several orders may be named more briefly by calling the first order of each period by the name of the period, and omitting the word "of" after tens and hundreds, thus: 5th Period. 4th Period. 3d Period. 2d Period. 1st Period. Art. 21. RULE FOR NOTATION.-Begin at the left, and write the figures of each period in their proper orders, filling all vacant orders and periods with ciphers. 1st Period, Units. Art. 22. RULE FOR NUMERATION.-1. Begin at the right, and separate the number into periods of three figures each. 2. Begin at the left, and read each period containing one or more significant figures as if it stood alone, adding its name. NOTE. The name of the units' period is usually omitted. WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. Write in words, 20080406. SUGGESTION.-Separate the number into periods, thus: 20,080,406. Then write each period, thus: Twenty million eighty thousand four hundred and six. 2. Write in words, 50038456. SUGGESTION. - Omit the third period, since it contains no significant figures, thus: Forty billion three hundred thousand four hundred. 5. Write in words, 3450000067. 6. Read 3000080040; 10080603400. 7. Read 15000407030; 5075803004. 8. Read 400440300500; 130030003003. 9. Express in figures, twelve billion forty-six million and nine. PROCESS. First, write 12, with a comma after it, to form the fourth or billions' period, thus: 12,; then write 46 in the next period, filling the vacant order with a cipher, thus: 12,046,; then, as there are no thousands, fill the next three orders with ciphers, thus: 12,046,000,; and, finally, write 9 in the units' period, filling the vacant orders with ciphers, thus: 12,046,000,009. 10. Express in figures, fifty million thirty-two thousand six hundred and forty. 11. Three hundred million nine thousand two hundred and six. 12. Forty-eight billion seventeen thousand and sixty-four. 13. Five million five thousand and five. 14. One million one hundred thousand and ten. 15. Three trillion three hundred million three hundred and three. 16. Sixty-two million three hundred thousand and forty-nine. 17. Five hundred million five thousand. 18. Four hundred and six thousand five hundred and seven. 19. Two million ten thousand and eighty. 20. Ninety million seven thousand four hundred and ninety. 21. Four hundred million forty thousand four hundred and four. 22. Thirty billion seventy-five thousand. 23. Nine billion nine thousand and nine. 24. Fifty-four million eighty-seven thousand and eighty-six. 25. Two hundred and two thousand five hundred and eighty. 26. Fifty billion fifty million five hundred thousand and seven. 27. Seventeen billion seven hundred thousand three hundred and six. 28. Ninety million ten thousand and fifty-five. LESSON VII. ROMAN NOTATION. Art. 23. In the Roman Notation, numbers are expressed by means of seven capital letters, viz.: I, V, X, L, C, D, M. I stands for one; V for five; X for ten; L for fifty; C for one hundred'; D for five hundred; M for one thousand. Art. 24. All other numbers are expressed by repeating or combining these letters. 1. When a letter is repeated, its value is repeated; thus: II represent 2; XX, 20; CCC, 300, etc. 2. When a letter is placed before one of greater value, the less value is taken from the greater; thus: IV stands for 4; IX for 9; XC for 90. 3. When a letter is placed after one of greater value, the less value is added to the greater, thus: VI stands for 6; XI for 11; CX for 110. Art. 25. In the following table, numbers are expressed by letters and figures: |
