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After this sanguinary battle, through the intervention of an antiMormon committee from Quincy, the remaining Mormons at last agreed to remove from the State. In the midst of the sickly season they were hurried in the boats and thrown upon the Iowa shore, without shelter or provisions; in consequence whereof, great numbers of them miserably perished. The new citizens, who had joined the Mormons in their defence of the city, were many of them ducked and "baptized" in the river, and the rest of them driven, at the point of the bayonet, across the river, by the horde of armed scoundrels under the command of the villanous Campbellite preacher, the professed servant of the meek and lowly Jesus.

Some of the new citizens returned several times to look after their property, but were brutally driven off each time. A reaction now took place, however, in the minds of the people, in favor of the oppressed; which the Governor no sooner perceived, than he started with about 200 men, raised in Springfield, to Hancock, in order to reinstate sixty families of the unfortunate new citizens in their homes, which had been unmercifully plundered in the meantime. Having succeeded in this, and having made diligent, but unsuccessful search, for the five pieces of cannon belonging to the State, he disbanded the principal part of his force, leaving Major Jackson and Capt. Connelly, with a force of 50 men, to stay in the county until the 15th of December, 1846, by which time the cold of winter was expected to put an end to the anti-Mormon disturbances; which expectation was realized.

While this bloody war was waged in Hancock county, between the followers of the prophet and their adversaries, an equally violent rebellion, though upon a smaller scale, broke out in the county of Massac, on the Ohio, the ancient settlement of horse-thieves, robbers, and counterfeiters, who had again become so numerous and well organized as to set the laws at defiance, by committing horrible murders and depredations. The honest portion of the people formed themselves into companies of regulators, and were about to order the rogues from the country, when the latter, in the election for county officers, which came off in August, 1846, voted all one way, thereby causing the election of a sheriff and other officers, who at once arrayed

themselves in open hostility to the regulators, allowing some of the rogues, who had already been arrested, to escape from jail; wherefore, they were ordered by the regulators to leave the country at

once.

In this state of things, the Governor issued an order to BrigadierGeneral John T. Davis, to examine into the disturbances and the causes thereof, calling out the militia, if order could not be restored by peaceable means. Gen. Davis proceeded to Massac, assembling the parties and settling their differences, as he supposed; he had, however, no sooner left the county, than new disturbances broke out, many of the regulators coming, this time, as far as from Kentucky, expelling the sheriff, with other officers, and some of the rogues; and summarily punishing every one, whether rogue or honest man, who dared to interfere with their violent proceedings.

Judge Scates, at the Circuit Court, not long afterwards held in Massac county, strongly urged the grand jury to inquire into the outrageous conduct of the regulators, whereupon indictments were found and warrants issued against a number of them, who were arrested by the sheriff and committed to jail. The regulators assembled from Kentucky and the neighboring counties of Illinois, threatening to lynch Judge Scates, if he ever returned to hold a court, and liberating their friends confined in the jail, expelling the sheriff and his friends from the country. The sheriff went to the Governor, then at Nauvoo, to apply to him for aid and protection. But the Governor, whose term of office was about to expire, refused to meddle with the affair, contenting himself with charging Dr. William J. Gibbs to call out the militia for the protection of the sheriff and other county officers, and the honest portion of the community. The militia, however, refused to turn out, and the regulators exercising uncontested sway over the county, caught a number of suspicious characters and tried them by committee, whipping and tarring and feathering those, who had been convicted, and taking many of them away as prisoners, of whom several were afterwards reported to "have gone to Arkansas:" by which was understood, that they had been drowned in the Ohio, and left to swim with the current of that river in the direction of Arkansas. On the 23d of December, 1846, a convention of regulators

from the counties of Johnson, Massac, and Pope, assembled at Golconda, ordering the sheriff and the clerk of the county court of Massac, together with many other citizens, to leave the country within thirty days. The sheriff and many others accordingly left the country, remaining absent all winter. This was the last act of violence on the part of the regulators; the disturbances afterwards gradually passing away, being destined, like everything else, to come to an end.

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