(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) Subtract 2 and 3 from numbers ending in any one of the digits. Give the ending figure of each result first, then the whole remainder. 42 names the part of 161 which we wish to take out of that number. Write ones under ones, tens under tens. 5 10 16 1 (Place the bundles of sticks, 1 hundred, 6 tens, 1 one, over the figures 161.) Subtract ones first. 2 ones cannot be taken 4 2 1 19 out of 1 one. Take 1 ten from the tens, (Show with the sticks.) leaving 5 tens. The 1 ten which we have taken is equal to 10 ones, which we add to the 1 one to make 11 ones. 2 ones from 11 ones leaves 9 ones, which is written in ones' place below the line. 4 tens from 5 tens leaves 1 ten, which is written in tens' place below the line. No hundreds from 1 hundred leaves 1 hundred. 119 is the part of 161 which we wished to find. The two parts make what number? Taking a part of a number out of it, to find the remainder is called Subtraction. The number to be diminished by taking one of the parts is called the Minuend. The part taken out of the minuend is called the Subtrahend: the part left is called the Remainder. The sign of Subtraction (-) is called minus or less. 14 6 = 8, is read, 14 minus 6 equals 8: it means that 14 (53) (54) (55) (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (61) 37. MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS. 1. Two persons start from the same place and travel in the same direction; one travels 40 miles an hour, and the other 35 miles an hour; how far apart will they be in 1 hour? (Show by drawing.) How far in 6 hours? 2. Charles gets $6 a month for selling a daily paper; Henry gets as much for selling a weekly paper; how much will both have earned in 5 months? 3. From a chest of tea, containing 60 pounds, 9 pounds were sold at $1 a pound; what was the value of the remainder, at the same rate? 4. I bought a bushel of tomatoes for 70 cents, a half-bushel of turnips for 20 cents, and a peck of beans for 10 cents; what I paid for all was 8 cents more than the cost of half a bushel of sweet potatoes. What did the sweet potatoes cost? 5. A box contains 134 oranges, and a barrel contains 64 more than the box; how many oranges in the barrel? 6. I bought a horse and sleigh for $150; the sleigh cost $45; what did the horse cost? 7. After spending $80 for a pony, George found that he had $65 left in his savings bank; how much money had he at first? 8. In an orchard there are 150 apple trees; this is 50 more than the number of peach trees; how many peach trees are there? 9. A man having 190 young orange trees, bought 89 more, and then sold 50; how many had he left? 10. Add three hundred nine to seven hundred eleven, and subtract twenty-nine. 11. A farmer bought 40 sheep for 144 dollars at one time, and 50 sheep for 155 dollars at another time; how much did the sheep cost him? 12. A boy shot an arrow 145 feet up the road, and another 149 feet down the road; how far were the arrows apart? (Drawing.) 38. READING AND WRITING NUMBERS. HOW TO EXPRESS THOUSANDS. You have learned that the number one thousand is expressed by writing the figure 1 to the left of hundreds. Read the following numbers: 1,500 1,230 1,400 1,670 1,873 1,999 The period of ones is separated from the thousands by a comma. Write in figures: two thousand, three thousand, five thousand, eight thousand, nine thousand. Read the following numbers: Three thousand seven hundred fifty. Eight thousand two hundred two. One thousand eleven; one thousand one. Four thousand thirty-five; four thousand five. |