HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY GIFT OF GEORGE ARTHUR PLIMPT Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by GOULD, NEWMAN AND SAXTON, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. THE Compiler of this little manual does not pretend to offer the public anything new, or original, as regards the matter herein contained. He has frequently heard it remarked, by those interested in schools, that pupils were not sufficiently familiar with such Tables, and other matter, as are contained in this work. Being convinced that this is owing in a great measure to the want of a suitable compilation, he has endeavored to select and bring into a concise and convenient form such Tables, Abbreviations, etc. as every one may have occasion to use, and most of which should be perfectly familiar to every school boy. EXPLANATION OF ARITHMETICAL CHARACTERS. = = Sign of equality; as 12 inches 1 foot, signifies that 12 inches are equal to 1 foot. + Sign of addition; as 8+4=12, signifies that 8 added to 4 is equal to 12. Sign of subtraction; as 12-8=4, that is, 12 less 8 is equal to 4. × Sign of multiplication; as, 8X9=72, that is, 8 multiplied by 9 is equal to 72. Sign of division; as, 42-6-7, that is, 42 divided by 6 is equal to 7. ::: Signs of proportion; as, 4:8::6:12, that is, 4 has the same ratio to 8 that 6 has to 12; such numbers are called proportionals. 82 Denotes that 8 is to be raised to the second power; that is, multiplied by itself. 63 Denotes that 6 is to be multiplied into its square. ✔Denotes that the square root is to be extracted. Denotes that the cube root is to be extracted. ROMAN NUMERALS. Several different letters are used to express the Roman Numerals, viz. I, V, X, L, C, D and M. I, X and C repeat their values; as, I one, II two, X ten, XX twenty, etc. The others do not repeat. A smaller letter when placed before a larger one takes its value from it; as, IX nine, XL forty. When a smaller letter is placed after a larger one it adds its value; as, XI eleven, LX sixty. |