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curate sobriquet, Unity, and spent her fe trying to make it fit. She married man, Brian Jessup, who went in wimming drunk, at midnight, in Sidty. Australia. She married an automaton, Michael Lord Mowbray, of whom she felt she was unworthy because he could not understand her. But only Adrian Gore, the man with the grey eyes, could give her Unity. This book is the elegant elaboration of a somewhat frayed psychological formula. It fails to convince because the author attempts to show how a human doll works by manufacturing instead of analyzing one. It does not fail to interest because Mr. Beresford is a capable craftsman.

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There is old Maum Hannah, squatter, who asked the Lord what to do when a white-trash gentleman built a house on her land and was going to make her tear down her cabin-who got a sign from the Lord, and burnt that house to white fine ashes, such as fell out of her corncob pipe when she prayed. There is Killdee who ploughed on Green Thursday-Ascension Day—the day Jesus went back to God, wherefore he expected to be scourged, and was, for that night his little girl, Baby Rose, was burnt to death in the cook-fire. After that Killdee hated God. Vengeance was all right, but it didn't seem square to burn a baby.

Most of the stories are about Killdee, his wife, Rose, and Missie, the little changeling with the pointed chin, the curving lips, the delicate bluish bloom on black cheeks, who came to stay with them. The blacks live so near the

TIME, The Weekly News-Magazine. Editors-Briton Hadden and Henry R. Luce. Associates Manfred Gottfried (National Affairs), John S. Martin, Thomas J. C. Martyn (Foreign News). Weekly ContributorsErnest Brennecke, John Farrar, Willard T. Ingalls, Alexander Klemin, Peter Mathews, Wells Root, Preston Lockwood, Niven Busch. Published by TIME, Inc., H. R. Luce, Pres.; J. S. Martin, Vice-Pres.; B. Hadden, SecyTreas.; 236 E. 39th St., New York City. Subscription rate, one year, postpaid: In the United States and Mexico, $5.00; in Canada, $5.50; elsewhere, $6.00. For advertising rates address: Robert L. Johnson, Advertising Manager, TIME, 236 E. 39th St., New York; New England representatives, Sweeney & Price. 127 Federal St., Boston, Mass.; Western representatives, Powers & Stone, 38 S. Dearborn St., Chicago. Ill.; Circulation Manager, Roy E. Larsen. Vol. IV. No. 13.

earth their roots go down into it like the roots of trees. Mrs. Peterkin understands these twisted roots, their fumbling, struggling, grappling, and the secret chemistries that work in themsorrow and wonder, sweetness and regret, life and love and death.

A Wandering Figure

Why Not Write a Novel,

Mr. Bercovici?

Konrad Bercovici is one of these walrus-mustached foreigners who give a touch of the exotic to the reaches of the Hotel Algonquin, Manhattan. Two new books of his are on the autumn lists-Around the World in New York and Iliana, a collection of gypsy stories. His play, Costa's Daughter, will soon be unveiled to the glances of Broadway. Bercovici is a Rumanian, born there in 1882. He came to this country in 1916, but no amount of American sunlight and air, fortunately, can the swarthy hue of his person or the sleek ebon of hair and mustache.

erase

I have known Bercovici for some years. It was John O'Hara Cosgrave of the Sunday World who first made use of his talent for limning the odd foreign character in a pseudo-fact story of New York life. Around the office of the World Bercovici used to be a wandering and slow-moving figure, his soft voice puncturing the bang of typewriters, smoothly but insistently. He is one of those quiet people, born to be persistent and destined for success. He and his ilk are important to America because they furnish us with a type of poetry which enriches our literature without degenerating Our standards. Bercovici is essentially romantic; but he is essentially wholesome. often wished that persons of his type could be spread more widely through the country. They would bring a new vision to the small towns of the North, South and West-only it would, perhaps, be impossible for them to fit into the groove of the small town. Here in New York, they drift sooner or later to their proper sphere of influence and prosperity. They become our only real friends. They are much-needed color spots in the Anglo-Saxon drabness.

I have

If I knew the town of New York as well as Konrad Bercovici does, I should be sure never to be bored of an evening. In this latest book of his, he tries to explain the foreign quarters, and does it admirably; but the joy of discovery can never be ours if we follow a guide book. I shall never forget one or two early pilgrimages with him among strange coffee houses and narrow streets. Why not write a novel, Mr. Bercovici, that will catch the impressive magic of cosmopolitan New York? J. F.

EDUCATION

Collegiate

Higher education in the U. S. was many

once

more put in motion at institutions. Returning students registered, shook familiar hands, laid in various supplies, strolled off to investigate their new courses. Excited matriculants, reported everywhere to be in record multitudes, explored their surroundings, asked questions, herded into chapels and auditoria to be welcomed by deans and presidents. Deans and presidents brought forth sheaves of notes and speeches, expounded aims and ideals in terms occasionally selected with an eye to arresting the world's attention as well as shedding light and inspiration upon undergraduate audiences. At Hanover, N. H., Dartmouth College, now 154 years of age, opened with the announcement that compulsory chapel attendance thing of the past; with the annual sophomore-freshman football rush; with words from President Ernest M. Hopkins: "I would seriously submit for undergraduate consideration the question whether, from the point of view of their own ultimate good, there has not been a too complete disappearance, from the college curriculum and from college life, of compulsion and of requirements, rigorous and even irksome, if you will, which temper the mind and test the souls of men!"

was

a

At Amherst, Mass., Amherst College entered upon its 104th year with John Coolidge, son of President Calvin Coolidge, one of 210 freshmen; with a few words from Acting President and President-elect George D. Olds, concerning changes in Amherst's faculty, curriculum, landscape.

At Williamstown, Mass., the 131st year of Williams College began when President Harry A. Garfield opened a service in Thompson Memorial Chapel, reminded his hearers that each of them was a responsible part of the collegiate whole.

At South Hadley, Mass., President Mary E. Woolley launched Mount Holyoke College upon its 87th year by ruminating upon womankind's increasing importance in the world.

At Wellesley, Mass., some 400 girls became Wellesley College freshmen, were made welcome by the Christian Association at a tea; by President Ellen F. Pendleton; by guides who spirited them off in groups of twelve to tour the Library.

At Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Vassar

*Practically each and every institution that The opened last week is situate in the East. majority of Southern, Middle Western and Pacific Coast colleges and universities were scheduled to open one week later.

College, in its 63rd year, abandoned a precedent, allowed the freshmen to report the same day as other classes, instead of a week earlier. The enrollment was kept down, as of late years, to 1,150. President Henry Noble MacCracken was heard in the college chapel, likewise Dean C. Mildred Thompson. The dominant innovation of the year was a "court of appeals" for student governmentteachers and taught holding the bench jointly.

At Washington, D. C., the Navy Department announced the establishment, at George Washington University and at St. John's College (Annapolis, Md.), of naval reserve officers' classes, the first of their kind in the U. S. in peace time.

At Clinton, N. Y.-Elihu Root, Hamilton '64, patriarch of U. S. law, delivered his annual oration to the students of Hamilton College (111 years old). Mr. Root holds the Chair of Hamilton's Board of Trustees. Said he: "Cultivate your taste to receive joy from a thing of beauty; cultivate your powers for the joy you may obtain from their employment; cultivate friendship and those other simple virtues which are so commonly admired. No man is truly happy who must depend on outside things for his happiness. Success that is blazoned in the press and praised by all does not come from direct approach . . . only from and by the development of stalwart manhood."

Purists Alarmed

per

Professors and purists were plexed, dismayed for the future of the King's English in the U. S., when informed of a prize contest opened by the Daily News, Manhattan gumchewers' sheetlet, for contribution of "Slanguage." Said the News: "Sling us some slanguage. The old slang is falling like boulders on weary ears."

The News published examples of the "conversational sour notes" it wished to ban: "It's the cat's meow!" "Tell it to mother!" "I'll tell the world!"

The News published some of the prize-winning "new and snappy" expressions: "You smart little son-of-aGump!" "You tell 'em concrete, I'm too mortarfied!" "She's a panic!"

Other new-coined ejaculations the News might have lifted from their currency on lower Broadway: "It's the ant's pants!" "He's such a wet smack he ripples when the wind blows!" (For bald men) "Put on your hat, you're all undressed!"

Purists Glad

Professors and purists were gratified, encouraged for the future of the King's English in the U. S., when

informed of an All-Comers' Cross RELIGION

Word Puzzle Tournament to be held in John Wanamaker's store under the direction of Ruth Hale, Robert C. Benchley, Heywood Broun, Gelett Burgess, John Farrar, Baird Leonard, Katharine Lane-all members of the "intelligenzia." Qualifying rounds were

PUZZLER STERN He kept himself fit

a

to be puzzled through; a challenger was to be selected to engage William A. Stern II of Manhattan, "World Champion Cross Word Puzzler." A novel note was to be introduced into the festival by special mixed doubles match, open to all amateur puzzlers. Final matches were to be staged on the platform of the store's auditorium with the use of mammoth blackboards, so arranged that the contestants would not see one another yet would remain in full view of the audience. Prizes were offered by the New York Herald-Tribune.

Puzzler Stern won his title by winning a contest held in Manhattan, May 18, 1924. There were 200 contestants; and Puzzler Stern was the first to march to the Judges with his pattern of black and white squares completely and correctly filled. Soon afterward, in a testimonial letter to the publishers of the Cross Word Puzzle Books, he said: "The title

did not fall upon me from the clouds; nor was it owing to the use of any nostrum or patent remedy that I was able to carry home the coveted prize. I won because I kept myself Your fit with rigorous training. Cross Word Puzzle Book was the greatest individual factor in my victory. Constant use of it kept up my mental and moral fibre. . . ."

Plenary Indulgence

The history of the 650 years of t Holy Name Society (TIME, Sept. 2 was printed in 175 U. S. newspaper It was retold in gorgeous pomp befor 100,000 members assembled in Wash ington.

Not the youthful Archbishop Micha Curley of Baltimore but the venerab senior Cardinal-Archbishop Willian O'Connell of Boston was the centre t which and from which honor flowed For the Boston prelate had been ap pointed Papal Legate by the Pope Never before has a non-Italian bee personal representative of the Pope i this country. The letter of pontifica authority began:

To Our Beloved Son, William of the Title of Saint Clement, Cardinal O'Connell Archbishop of Boston:

Our Beloved Son: Health and apostoli benediction.

Blessed is that people among whom is held in highest honor and in public devotion the Divine Name; for surely that people will b enriched by celestial favors and will progres prosperously along the road of happiness.

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The Cardinal Legate made a speech condemning radicalism. Holy Name men, said he, are "a great army in battle array, strong with the strength of God, a bulwark against anarchy." He concluded:

"And here under the protecting shadow of the dome which crowns the halls of national legislation, we salute at the same time the cross of salvation and the banner of our nation. And while we send over the wide ocean our signals of love, devotion and loyalty to him who sits upon the throne of the Fishermant, we send also our respectful salutations and our firm pledge of civic loyalty to the President of these United States."

President Coolidge said: "Your great demonstration . . . is a manifestation of the good in human nature, which is of tremendous significance."

So, after inspections and parades. masses, blessings of the Unknown

*Name of small church in Rome of which, as Cardinal, O'Connell is parish priest.

†Full removal of the poena, or temperal punishment, due the sinner after the culpa, or guilt. has been forgiven.

#Throne of St. Peter-according to the Gospels, a fisherman.

Soldier tomb, giving of prizes, repetition of clean-speech and clean-heart Vows, the 100,000 dispersed to their homes.

Meanwhile, there was being prepared an almost equally gigantic celebration of the Holy Name in San Francisco in conjunction with the welcome-home to that great churchman, Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, Archbishop of San Francisco, who, it was erroneously believed some months ago, would be created Cardinal this year.

Birmingham

Not every Bishop is a world figure. One is about to be.

To an episcopal throne will presently be elevated the Rev. Ernest W. Barnes, Doctor of Science, Fellow of the Royal Society, Canon of Westminster and onetime Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He will become Lord Bishop of Birmingham.

Canon Barnes will shepherd the greatest industrial diocese in the British Empire and will sit in the House of Lords; but his greatness has greater radii.

It is widely conceded that the Reverend Bishop-elect possesses more scientific knowledge than any bishop or archbishop in the history of Christendom.

Secondly, Canon Barnes is probably the greatest inspirational preacher in England today. It was a Congregational paper (Barnes is, of course, Anglican-equivalent of Protestant Episcopal in the U. S.) which declared that since Dr. John H. Jowett died (TIME, Dec. 31), no preacher has been able to create a queue outside a church-door in London except Canon Barnes.

Greatest scientist, greatest preacher, shepherd of the greatest industrial flock -such will be My Lord Bishop of Birmingham.

But the story is not all sweet. The most definite movement in contemporary English religion is the AngloCatholic, a movement which accepts much of Roman theology and which desires, on its own terms, "reunion" with the Roman Catholic Church. To this Canon Barnes is greatly opposed. Said he: "A reasonable system of faith and thought cannot be derived from the theories peculiar to AngloCatholicism. The earnestness and zeal of Anglo-Catholics only make the more pathetic the fact that their system is a hybrid, bred by fear in the Victorian era.* Its founders were

*Reference to John Henry Newman and the Oxford Movement. Newman and his enemy, Henry Edward Manning, went over to the Roman Catholic Church and became Cardinals; but today, most of the inheritors of the Oxford ideals remain in the Anglican Church. Newman had little influence in the Catholic Church, even as Cardinal: and Manning, ruler of English Catholics, had no sympathy with the reunion idea. Today, powerful Manning is forgotten; gentle Newman is remembered.

afraid of liberal theology. . . . In Latin Catholicism, the ancestral sacramental paganism of the Mediterranean races is veneered by Christian sentiment. To attempt to graft it on the English church is hopeless."

When it was first rumored that the King was graciously about to elevate Canon Barnes, his antagonists bellowed. Under the headline "As

© Keystone

CANON BARNES

Can a Christian eat caviar?

tounding Rumor," a leading AngloCatholic paper indignantly inquired: "Is the work of God to be threatened by a bishop from whom nothing can be expected but criticism and misunderstanding?"

The Anglo-Catholics have indeed a special grievance. Much of their strength lies in the laboring classes. Birmingham, a new bishopric born of the industrial era, was first tended (1905-1911) by Bishop Rt. Rev. Charles Gore (TIME, May 5), their brilliant and efficient ally. When Premier MacDonald recommended Canon Barnes for the post, they vigorously implored the King not to do the Prime Minister's bidding. The King refused to interfere. Barnes will be Bishop.

The faith of Canon Barnes, a Modernist, is generally described as childlike. He preaches the way of Jesus, His rejuvenative power, the life everlasting. With these themes, he fills churches.

The religious conflict in England differs totally from the U. S. squabbles English over elementary science. clergymen are amazed when they hear that some Americans object, for example, to the evolutionary theory.

They are incredulous when told that U. S. divines predict bodily resurrection despite chemical demonstration of the decay and dissolution of flesh. Englishmen overrode these difficulties 40 years ago. Now their troubles are chiefly two. First, economic: Can one Christian child of God eat caviar when another eats nothing? Second, organic: Is there one true Church? If so, where is it? Who is it? What is it?

Bishop-elect Barnes would probably say that the people who make the most Christ-like answer to the first question will not be bothered by the second.

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Diamonds

Acres of Diamonds is undoubtedly the world's most famous lecture. It has been given by Dr. Russell H. Conwell, President of Temple University, Philadelphia, to 6,150 audiences. Dr. Conwell claimed last week that he had raised $12,000,000 for charity by this one lecture. At the same time, he announced that he, aged 81, never more would lecture.

The lecture begins with an anecdote which Dr. Conwell claims to have heard from a Persian guide who was taking him down the Tigris. An ancient merchant dreamt a dream of diamonds, acres of diamonds and, on awaking from sleep, went to a priest of Buddha to ask where he should go to find such riches. The priest told him that if he could find a river that flowed over white sand between high mountains, the bed of that river would be full of diamonds. The merchant sold his orchards, granaries, fields, gardens, and traveled "over all the world" until he died; but he never found the jewels of which, sleeping and waking, he dreamt; while the man to whom he had sold his mansion found diamonds in the stream that watered the garden, thus discovering the famed mines of the Golconda. Taking the thread of this tale, Dr. Conwell elaborated it with over 30 minor anecdotes. He quoted Bailey, the Bible, Garfield, Grant, Robert E. Lee, Rockefeller, Tennyson. In his delivery, he incorporated every known artifice of the pulpit, the stump and the vaudeville stage. He larded his sentences with such aphorisms as:

"He is an enemy to his country who sets Capital against Labor."

"Even if a rich man's son retains his father's money he cannot know the best things of life."

"We ought to get rich by honorable Christian methods; and these are the only methods that sweep us quickly toward the goal of riches."

Such statements he salted with catchy quips, shrewd witticisms. It is believed by some that great numbers of people owe their fortunes to having heard this lecture.

Rich Richard

SCIENCE

The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, named after America's "first scientist," celebrated the 100th anniversary of its birth. In attendance were 700 scientists representing 200 universities and other scientific institutions. Many of the older universities of the world sent birthday greetings by their representatives. They included:

La Sorbonne (Université de Paris), founded 1257.

University of Oxford, founded cir.

1133.

University of St. Andrews, founded

1411.

Université de Louvain, founded

1426.

University of Glasgow, founded

1453.

Albertus University (Königsberg), founded 1544.

University of Cambridge, founded

1257.

Such youngsters as the University of Lithuania also sent congratulations.

There were several hundred scientific speeches by men prominent in various fields of Science.

¶ Dr. W. D. Coolidge, assistant director of the research laboratory of the General Electric Co., told of developing a portable X-ray machine, weighing only 30 lb., which may be used in finding pipe and electrical connections in floors, examining jewels, finding contraband in luggage.

F. W. Peek Jr., consulting engineer of the General Electric Co., told in of experiments with lightning, which he found that the average charge of a bolt of lightning is 100,000,000 volts (about a million times the charge of electricity used for domestic purposes). Its destructive effect comes from the explosive suddenness with which it is discharged. If it could be stored in a storage battery it would drive an electric automobile for about five miles or heat an electric iron for a day. By experimenting with artificial lightning of about 2,000,000 volts, it was found that lightning does not always strike the highest object, except when that object is 2.5% or more of the distance from the ground to the cloud. When the height of the object is 1.1% of the distance from the ground to the cloud, the chances of its being hit are about 50-50. Nevertheless, a man standing is 15 times more likely to be hit than is a man lying down. Around every high object there is a safety zone within a radius of about four times the height of the objectfor example: If a flagpole stands 25

feet high, lightning will either strike the pole or more than 100 feet away.

Major General Mason M. Patrick, Chief of the U. S. Army Air Service, declared that: "We have really gone so far as to now believe that transportation of an expeditionary force across the seas is an impossibility. If the Germans had known in the World War what we know now, few of our million men would have reached France."

He pleaded for the conservation of helium gas for use in dirigibles. He also foresaw a day when whole flocks of airplanes, guided by radio from a distant plane, would go forth to bombard enemy cities.

Prof. Dayton C. Miller, of the Case School of Applied Science, described the functioning of his phonedeik, an instrument which photographs sound waves.

Major General C. O. Williams, Chief of Army Ordnance, contradicted Major General Patrick, said that, while aeronautical attack has been rendered more deadly, defense has grown apace. He told of highspeed tanks, with guns mounted in turrets; of a new trench mortar more accurate in fire; of a new .50-calibre machine-gun to displace the old .30calibre weapon; of a new 75-millimetre field piece with a range of 15,000 instead of 9,000 yards; of new anti-aircraft guns with an accurate vertical range of 8,400 yards; of an increase in range of the 4.7-inch gun from 14,000 to 20,000 yards; of a new, and improved aircraft machine-gun having been perfected by John Browning; of a new 8-inch howitzer with a range of 18,000 instead of 11,000 yards; of a new smokeless and flashless powder, making artillery spotting virtually impossible; of a new siege gun, mounted on a railway carriage, hurling a 1,600-pound projectile, and firing a shot every minute; of modern aerial bombs, six times as explosive as those used in the War.

Prof. A. A. Michelson, of the University of Chicago, told of measuring the speed of light by revolving mirrors placed on Mount Wilson and on Mount San Antonio, 22 miles away, and expressed the belief that such light measurements might be used to supplant triangulation in some forms of surveying.

Arthur D. Little spoke on the "Fifth Estate," not the advertising business, which sometimes takes that title to itself, but "that small company upon whose creative effort the world depends for the advancement of science."

Toward the end of the session, a tablet was unveiled at the Bartol Research Foundation to commemor

ate the beginning of research work made possible by the bequest of the late Henry E. Bartol of $1,200,000.

Gorilla Eden

The reputation of the ferocious gorilla, long live his name, tempted a U. S. naturalist, Carl E. Akeley, of Manhattan, to pay him a visit some years ago. When Mr. Akeley came back, he exploded the gorilla myth.

The gorilla in his native haunts is not a monster of ferocity. He is rather a mild-mannered vegetarian, wandering around in the higher reaches of the equatorial mountains of Africa. His terrible war cry, so horrendously described by du Chaillu and other passionate French writers, was nothing but a rather pitiable, · semi-human wail. He cannot be made to fight unless cornered. Mr. Akeley, on one of his expeditions, took two women and a child up into the gorilla country without any danger. And big game hunters have been invading this country and killing the harmless creatures by the score, until now there are probably less than 2,000 in existence.

Mr. Akeley took the matter before the Belgian Ambassador at Washington, Baron de Cartier de Marchienne, and asked that a gorilla reserve be created in the Belgian Congo. The Baron placed the matter before King Albert. Last week it was announced by the Belgian consul at Baltimore that King Albert would create a gorilla reserve of 250 sq. mi. in extent, to be known as Parc National Albert, in a region which now harbors about 75 gorillas, a site selected by Mr. Akeley.

The announcement read as follows:

"The Belgian colonial authorities are now laying off a large tract of territory in the Kivu district (the gorilla country), and this is to be a sanctuary for gorillas and for all other wild animals. Within these bounds not only the fauna but also the flora will be left undisturbed. Provision has been made for a sufficient number of wardens to prevent the intrusion of hunters and to prevent the destruction of plants or trees. The sanctuary will be a sort of Garden of Eden where the animals may live in peace, amid their natural surroundings, without fear of man. This reserve lies in the northeastern part of the Belgian Congo between Lake Kivu and Uganda. It embraces the three volcanoes of Mount Mikeno, Mount Karissimbi (altitude 13,500 feet) and Mount Visoke, comprising an area of about 250 square miles of high and healthful territory, with a variety of temperatures varying from the mild climate of the plains to the colder atmosphere of the mountain heights. Here our cousin, the go. rilla, may live in peace; and the scientists. disarmed, may come and study the living animal on his native heath."

Returned

The schooner Bowdoin nosed her way into Wiscasset, Me., and Explorer Donald B. MacMillan was home at last. He brought back data about the Esquimaux of Northern Greenland, and a geological description of that territory. His friends received him and his facts with open

arms.

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