series, each dealing with a single subject or closely related group of subjects, and the bulletin is published at irregular intervals as matter becomes available for publication. By the act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii, as amended, it is made the duty of the bureau to collect and present in quinquennial reports statistical details relating to all departments of labor in the Territory of Hawaii, especially those statistics which relate to the commercial, industrial, social, educational, and sanitary condition of the laboring classes.

BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION.

The Bureau of Immigration is charged with the administration of the laws relating to immigration and of the Chinese exclusion laws. It supervises all expenditures under the appropriation for "Expenses of regulating immigration." It causes alleged violations of the immigration, Chinese exclusion, and alien contract labor laws to be investigated, and when prosecution is deemed advisable submits evidence for that purpose to the proper United States district attorney.

CHILDREN'S BUREAU.

The act establishing the bureau provides that it shall investigate and report upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people, and shall especially investigate the questions of infant mortality, the birth rate, orphanage, juvenile courts, desertion, dangerous occupations, accidents, and. diseases of children, employment, and legislation affecting children in the several States and Territories. The bureau is also empowered to publish the results of these investigations in such manner and to such extent as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Labor.

BUREAU OF NATURALIZATION.

The act approved March 4, 1913, creating the Department of Labor, provided a Bureau of Naturalization, and that the Commissioner of Naturalization, or, in his absence, the Deputy Commissioner of Naturalization, shall be the administrative officer in charge of the Bureau of Naturalization and of the administration of the naturalization laws under the immediate direction of the Secretary of Labor. Under the provisions of the act of June 29, 1906, naturalization jurisdiction was conferred upon approximately 3,500 United States and State courts. The duties of the Bureau of Naturalization are to supervise the work of these courts in naturalization matters, to require an accounting from the clerks of courts for all naturalization fees collected by them, examine and audit these accounts, deposit them in the Treasury of the United States through the disbursing clerk of the department, and render an accounting therefor quarterly to the Auditor for the State and other Departments, to conduct all correspondence relating to naturalization, and, through its field officers located in various cities of the United States, to investigate the qualifications of the candidates for citizenship and represent the Government at the hearings of petitions for naturalization. In its administration of the naturalization laws the bureau obtains the cooperation of the public school authorities throughout the United States, receives reports therefrom of courses in citizenship instruction, and, acting as a clearing house of information on civic instruction, it disseminates the information received throughout the public-school system. It stimulates the preparation of candidates for citizenship for their new responsibilities by bringing them into contact at the earliest moment with the Americanizing influences of the public-school system, and thereby contributes to the elevation of citizenship standards. In the archives of the bureau are filed duplicates of all certificates of naturalization granted since September 26, 1906, as well as the preliminary papers of all candidates for citizenship filed since

that date.

WOMEN'S BUREAU.

This bureau was established as a statutory bureau under act of June 5, 1920, “An act to establish in the Department of Labor a bureau to be known as the Women's Bureau." Its functions are to formulate standards and policies to promote the welfare of wageearning women, to improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency, and advance their opportunity for profitable employment. The bureau has authority to investigate and report to the department upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of women in industry. The director of the bureau publishes the results of these investigations in the manner and to such extent as the Secretary of Labor may prescribe. This bureau, formerly known as the Women in Industry Service, organized in July, 1918, was established by an appropriation in the act providing for the sundry civil ex

penses of the Government for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, its function being to serve as a policy-forming and advisory body during the war emergency, whose special duty was to develop in the industries of the country policies and methods for the most effective use of women's services in production, and safeguarding such employment from injurious conditions. This service was continued by appropriation during the following year and until it became a statutory bureau by the act of Congress above quoted.

UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE.

The purpose of the United States Employment Service is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States by so conserving and distributing their industrial activities as to improve their working conditions and advance their opportunities for profitable employment, in harmony with the general good, with the necessities of war, with the just interests of employers, and with the development in practice of the recognized principle of a common responsibility for production and a common interest in distribution.

JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING.

The Joint Committee on Printing, consisting of three Members of the Senate and three Members of the House of Representatives, was created by the act of August 3, 1846, and its principal duties are set forth in the printing act approved January 12, 1895. That act gave the committee authority "to remedy any neglect or delay in the public printing and binding." This authority was extended by section 11 of public act No. 314, Sixty-fifth Congress, empowering the committee "to adopt and employ such measures as, in its discretion, may be deemed necessary to remedy any neglect, delay, duplication, or waste in the public printing and binding and the distribution of Government publications."

The act of 1895 provides that the committee "shall have control of the arrangement and style of the Congressional Record, and, while providing that it shall be substantially a verbatim report of proceedings, shall take all needed action for the reduction of unnecessary bulk." The committee is also authorized to provide for the publication of an index to the Record. The Congressional Directory, addresses on deceased Senators and Members, the annual abridgment of messages and documents, statue proceedings, and similar publications are prepared under the direction of the committee. The superintendent of documents publishes the index of public documents upon a plan approved by the committee and indexes such single volumes as it shall direct.

The committee is directed by law to establish rules and regulations for the printing of documents and reports in two or more editions. Orders for subsequent editions after two years from date of original order must receive its approval. The committee directs whether extra copies of documents and reports shall be bound in paper or cloth, and prescribes the arrangement and binding of documents for depository libraries.

The cost of printing any document or report which can not be properly charged to any other appropriation may, upon order of the committee, be charged to the congressional allotment.

The committee may order additional copies printed of Government publications within a limit of $200 in cost in any one instance.

The act of 1895 also provides that the committee shall exercise the following functions in regard to the purchase of paper for the public printing and binding: Fix upon standards of quality, receive proposals and award contracts therefor, appoint a member of the board of paper inspection, determine differences of opinion as to quality, act upon defaults, and authorize open-market purchases.

The Public Printer is required by law to advertise for bids for material, other than paper, under the direction of the committee, and to make a return to it on all such contracts awarded by him. The committee may authorize the Public Printer to make certain open-market purchases of material, and, by resolution, it has required him to obtain its approval on all purchases of machinery and equipment in excess of $1,000 in any one instance.

Maps and illustration plates for Government publications are purchased under the direction of the committee whenever the probable cost exceeds $1,200; or, whenever the exigencies of the public sevice do not justify advertisement, the committee may authorize immediate contracts for lithographing and engraving.

Printing for the Patent Office is required by law to be done under such regulations and conditions as the committee may prescribe.

Section 11 of public act No. 314, Sixty-fifth Congress, requires all printing, binding, and blank-book work for the Government to be done at the Government Printing Office on and after July 1, 1919, except such classes of work as shall be deemed by the Joint Committee on Printing to be urgent or necessary to have done elsewhere than in the District of Columbia for the exclusive use of any field service outside of said District.

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, under the terms of the will of James Smithson, an Englishman, who in 1826 bequeathed his fortune to the United States to found, at Washington, under the name of the "Smithsonian Institution," an establishment for the " increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The Institution is legally an establishment, having as its members the President of the United States, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the President's Cabinet. It is governed by a Board of Regents consisting of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, three Members of the United States Senate, three Members of the House of Representatives, and six citizens of the United States appointed by joint resolution of Congress. The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution is its executive officer and the director of its activities.

Through the Hodgkins fund, the income of $100,000 of which is for the increase and diffusion of knowledge in regard to the nature and properties of atmospheric air in connection with the welfare of man, grants have been made, publications issued, and medals and prizes awarded.

The Institution, in cooperation with the Library of Congress, maintains a scientific library which numbers 350,000 volumes, consisting mainly of the transactions of learned societies and scientific periodicals.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The United States National Museum is the depository of the national collections. It is especially rich in the natural history of America, including zoology, botany, geology, paleontology, archeology, and ethnology, and has extensive series relating to the arts and industries, the fine arts, and American history. Under "history is included the war collections which have been accumulated during the past two years with the cooperation of the War and Navy Departments. This collection embraces at the present time between thirty and forty thousand objects, such as field guns, machine guns, small arms, tanks, trucks, airplanes and accessories, models of naval vessels, uniforms and insignia of all kinds of the United States soldier and the Allies, engineering and medical apparatus, and a large collection of captured material of many of the above classes.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

The National Gallery of Art contains the George P. Marsh collection of etchings, engravings, and books on art; the Charles L. Freer collection, comprising numerous paintings, etchings, etc., by Whistler and other American artists, and many examples of Japanese and Chinese art; the Harriet Lane Johnston collection, including a number of portraits by British masters; the Ralph Cross Johnson collection of paintings by Italian, French, English, Flemish, and Dutch masters; and the William T. Evans collection of paintings by contemporary American artists.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE.

The International Exchange Service is the agency of the United States Government for the exchange of scientific, literary, and governmental publications with foreign Governments, institutions, and investigators. It receives and dispatches about 600,000 pounds of printed matter annually.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

The Bureau of American Ethnology is engaged in the collection and publication of information relating to the American Indians and the natives of Hawaii.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY.

The Astrophysical Observatory investigates solar radiation and other solar phenomena. The work of this observatory is carried on partly in Washington and partly at stations on Mount Wilson, in California; Mount Harqua Hala, near Wenden, in Arizona; and on Mount Montezuma, near Calama, Chile.

85617°-67-2-2D ED- -24

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

The National Zoological Park has an area of 167 acres, and is located in the Rock Creek Valley, 2 miles north of the center of Washington. Its collection comprises about 1,500 animals.

INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE.

The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature publishes an annual classified index to the literature of science. The organization consists of a central bureau in London and 33 regional bureaus established in, and supported by, the principal countries of the world. That for the United States is supported by an annual appropriation from Congress, administered by the Smithsonian Institution.

THE PAN AMERICAN UNION.

(Formerly International Bureau of American Republics.)

The Pan American Union is the official international organization of all the Republics of the Western Hemisphere, founded and maintained by them for the purpose of exchanging mutually useful information and fostering commerce, intercourse, friendship, and peace. It is supported through their joint contributions, each nation annually paying that part of the budget of expenses which its population bears to the total population of all the Republics. Its general control reposes in a governing board made up of the diplomatic representatives in Washington of all the Latin-American Governments and the Secretary of State of the United States, the latter being ex officio chairman thereof. Its executive officers are a Director General and an Assistant Director, elected by the board. They in turn are assisted by a trained staff of editors, statisticians, compilers, trade experts, translators, librarians, and clerks. It is strictly international in its scope, purpose, and control, and each nation has equal authority in its administration with each other nation. Its activities and facilities include the following: Publication in English, Spanish, Portuguese, with separate editions, of an illustrated monthly bulletin, which is a record of the progress of all the Republics; publication of handbooks, descriptive pamphlets, commercial statements, maps, and special reports relating to each country; correspondence covering all phases of Pan American activities; distribution of every variety of information helpful in the promotion of Pan American commerce, acquaintance, cooperation, and solidarity of interests. It also sets the date, selects the place of meeting, and prepares the programs for the regular Pan American conferences and is custodian of their archives. Its library, known as the Columbus Memorial Library, contains nearly 50,000 volumes, including the official publications, documents, and laws of all the Republics, together with a large collection of maps, and 180,000 subject-index cards. The Union also possesses a collection of 25,000 photographs, lantern slides, and negatives. Its reading room has upon its tables the representative magazines and newspapers of Latin America. Both are open to the public for consultation and study. It occupies and owns buildings and grounds facing Seventeenth Street, between B and C Streets, overlooking Potomac Park on the south and the White House Park on the east. These buildings and grounds, representing an investment of $1,100,000, of which Mr. Andrew Carnegie contributed $850,000 and the American Republics $250,000, are dedicated forever to the use of the Pan American Union as an international organization. The Pan American Union was founded in 1890, under the name of the International Bureau of American Republics, in accordance with the action of the First Pan American Conference, held in Washington in 1889-90 and presided over by James G. Blaine, then Secretary of State. It was reorganized in 1907 by action of the Third Pan American Conference, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1906, and upon the initiative of Elihu Root, then Secretary of State. At the fourth conference, held at Buenos Aires in 1910, its name was changed from the International Bureau of American Republics to the Pan American Union. All communications should be addressed to the Director General Pan American Union, Washington, D. C.

GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE.

The Comptroller General of the United States is charged by law with the settlement and adjustment, independently of the executive departments, of all claims and demands whatever by the Government of the United States or against it, and all accounts whatever in which the Government of the United States is concerned, either as debtor or creditor, and is vested with all powers and duties previously conferred or imposed by law upon the former Comptroller of the Treasury and the six

Auditors of the Treasury Department; also with the duty of keeping the personal ledger accounts of disbursing and collecting officers; of reporting to Congress delinquency in rendering accounts; and of certifying balances, which are final and conclusive, upon the executive branch of the Government. He may provide for payment of accounts or claims adjusted and settled in the General Accounting Office, through disbursing officers of the several departments and establishments instead of by warrant, and prescribes the forms, systems, and procedure for administrative appropriation and fund accounting in the several departments and establishments and for the administrative examination of fiscal officers' accounts and claims, reporting to Congress upon the adequacy and efficiency of such administrative examination. He appoints, removes, and fixes the compensation of attorneys and other employees in the General Accounting Office, they performing such duties as may be assigned to them by him; all official acts performed by them, when specially designated therefor by the Comptroller General, having the same force and effect as though performed by the Comptroller General in person. He makes such rules and regulations as may be necessary for carrying on the work of the General Accounting Office, including those for the admission of attorneys to practice before it, and furnishes, under the seal of said office for use as evidence, copies of records from books and proceedings thereof in accordance with sections 882 and 886 of the Revised Statutes.

Upon the application of disbursing officers, the head of any executive department or other independent establishment not under any of the executive departments, the Comptroller General is required to render his advance decision upon any question involving a payment to be made by them or under them, which decision when rendered governs in the settlement of the account involving the payment inquired about. He reviews, on his own motion, any settled account when in the interest of the United States to do so; also reviews, at his discretion, settlements and construction of statutes made by the six respective auditing divisions of the General Accounting Office which superseded the former six auditors' offices, viz., the Treasury Department, War Department, Interior Department, Navy Department, State and Other Departments, and Post Office Department divisions. He superintends the recovery of all debts finally certified by audited settlements to be due the United States exclusive of those arising under the Postal service, and the preservation of all accounts, with their vouchers, etc., which have been finally adjusted, and countersigns all warrants authorized by law to be signed by the Secretary of the Treasury.

It is also the duty of the Comptroller General to investigate at the seat of government or elsewhere all matters relating to the receipt, disbursement, and application of public funds and to make recommendations to the President, when requested by him, and to Congress concerning legislation necessary to facilitate the prompt and accurate rendition and settlement of accounts, and concerning such other matters as he may deem advisable in regard to the receipt, disbursement, and application of public funds and economy or efficiency in public expenditures. He makes investigations for Congress as to revenue, appropriations, and expenditures, furnishing assistants from his office to Congress for that purpose, and specially reports to Congress every expenditure or contract made by any department or establishment in any year in violation of law. He also reports to Congress upon the adequacy and effectiveness of departmental inspection of the offices and accounts of fiscal officers, and, in accordance with law, has access to and examines any books, documents, papers, or records, except those pertaining to certain funds for purposes of intercourse or treaty with foreign nations, of all departments and establishments for the purpose of securing from time to time information regarding the powers, duties, activities, organization, financial transactions, and methods of business of their respective offices. It is also his duty to furnish to the Bureau of the Budget such information relating to expenditures and accounting as it may request from time to time.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.

The original act to regulate commerce, approved February 4, 1887, provided for a commission consisting of five members. By various amendatory and supplementary enactments the powers of the commission have been increased and the scope of the regulating statute materially widened. Among the more important of these enactments are the acts of March 2, 1889; the Elkins Act, approved February 19, 1903; the Hepburn Act, approved June 29, 1906; the Mann-Elkins Act of June 18, 1910; the acts of August 24, 1912, and May 29 and August 9, 1917; and the transportation act, 1920. The number of commissioners was increased under the act of June 29, 1906, to 7 members; under the act of August 9, 1917, to 9 members, and under the transportation act, 1920, to 11 members.