EXAMPLE FOR THE BOARD. Add together 196, 73.22, 18.09, 614.4, and 1.96. - Hundreds. Tenths. Hundredths. The sum of the column of hundredths is 17 hundredths, or 1 tenth and 7 hundredths. It would evidently be wrong to write tenths beneath the column of hundredths; we therefore only write down the 7 hundredths, and add, or carry, the 1 tenth to the column of tenths. In adding the tenths, we say 9 and 1 to carry are 10, and 4 are 7 3.2 2 14, and 2 are 16. We have here 1 to carry to 18.09 units' column-and in continuing our work, we 6 1 4.4 find we have 2 to carry to tens, and 2 to hun1.9 6 dreds. 19 6. 9 0 3.6 7 Teach the pupil to prove his work by adding downwards. 7. A farmer paid for a horse $75.33, for a cow $35.87, and for a pair of oxen $116.99. What did they all cost him? 8. A merchant purchased at different times, the following quantities of corn, viz.,169.22 bushels, 307.9 bushels, 499 bushels, 287.763 bushels, and 565.08 bushels. How much did he purchase in the whole? 9. George Washington was born A. D. 1732. He was elected President when 57 years old, and died in 10 years afterwards. In what year did he die? 10. A gardener has in his nursery 156 apple trees, 379 cherry trees, 96 pear trees, 451 peach trees, 402 plum trees, 1098 ornamental trees, and 297 other trees of various kinds. How many trees are there in the nursery? 11. A ship sails on the first day of her voyage, 89.75 miles, 76.3 miles on the second day, 80.992 miles on the third, and 78.088 miles on the fourth. How far had she gone at the end of the fourth day? 12. A clerk received for his first year's services, $250.00, for the second $325.95, and for the third $459.76. What was the amount of his wages for the first three years? 13. In a certain farm, there are 85 acres of woodland, 96.5 acres of pasture, 143.94 acres under culti vation, and 44.08 acres are covered with water. What is the size of the whole farm? 14. What will six yards of broadcloth cost, at $5.625 a yard? 15. If of a house is worth $763.875, what is the whole house worth? 16. A man bought a barrel of flour for $4.31, a keg of butter for $6.625, a chest of tea for $29.28, and a barrel of molasses for $15.095. What did they all cost him? 17. If I pay $4.625 for a ton of coal, how much must I pay for six tons at the same rate? 18. The whole property of a trader failing in business, is worth $1917.99, which is but of what he owes. How much does he owe. 19. What is the sum of 9946, 2440, 1908, 26.49, 308.97, and 84036.5? 20. Add 18.44, 184.4, 1844, 1.844, and .1844. 21. Add 1340089, 26.903, 511804.6, 1.2995, and 98.80769. 22. Find the sum of 11223344.55, 667788.0099, 9988776.65, 40403.32211, 987654321, and 904870036.5184. 23. Six men entered into a partnership. The first contributed $1649.07, the second $2304.75, the third $988.00, the fourth $1085.638, the fifth $3001.362, and the sixth $2544.25. What was the whole amount invested in the firm? 24. The stock of a grocer cost $19168.225. How much must he sell it for, to gain $2037.165? 25. How many times does a clock strike in 24 hours? 26. A merchant buys 169 barrels of flour for $827.63; 218 barrels for $911.27; 93 barrels for $465, and 117 barrels for $640.00. How many barrels did he buy, and how much did he give for the whole? 27. A draper purchased 2 pieces of broadcloth, containing 56.5 yards, for $282.50; 3 pieces, containing 96.25 yards, for $385.00; 1 piece, containing 19.7 yards, for $87.585, and 4 pieces, containing 80 yards, for $430.00. How many pieces did he buy? How many yards? What did he give for the whole? 28. A gentleman owned the following property, viz., $5963, 58 in real estate; $17055.245 in bank stock; $9142.77 in mortgages, and $3310.00 in personal property. How much was he worth? 29. If I owe Thomas Williams $634.96; James Clements $518.00; James Phillips $340.87; Charles Vincent $119.25; Matthew Jacobs $743.125, and George Johnson $64.875, how much do I owe them all? 30. The expenses of a family for one year, were as follows; for provisions $281.773; fuel $48.24; clothes $259.195; servants $69.125; house rent $125.00, other expenses $107.375. What were the whole expenses for the year? 31. Add 92990847.61308; 2448973.966007; 57366094, 1176844875.7; 307669088.0007, and 7877.00939. 32. Add 417.60088; 769966.0789; 388456; 33946.05; 864891779.16005988; 40003.5914, and 684.000099. 33. Add two thousand five hundred and four-and sixteen, thousandths; thirty thousand and seven,five hundred and nine, ten-thousandths; two hundred and sixty-three thousand and ninety-four-and three thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, ten-thousandths; nine thousand and nine, hundred-thousandths; and four thousand four hundred and fortyfour-and four thousand four hundred and forty-four, millionths. 34. Add mentally, 18 and 11; 21 and 15; 36 and 43; 72 and 87; 40 and 69; 82 and 83; 91 and 65; 81 and 77; 58 and 51; 63 and 44; 57 and 30; 21 and 96; 12 and 94; 35 and 42; 56 and 52; 23 and 35; 73 and 16; 44 and 54; 35 and 24. 35. Add mentally, 78 and 52; 82 and 49; 98 and 93; 66 and 54; 85 and 95; 37 and 27; 83 and 59; 16 and 95; 24 and 77; 56 and 66; 48 and 84; 68 and 98; 35 and 79; 49 and 54; 66 and 77; 99 and 99; 99 and 88; 79 and 97; 38 and 86; 78 and 45; 38 and 37; 55 and 97; 17 and 83. CHAPTER III. SUBTRACTION. EXAMPLE FOR THE BOARD. A merchant gave $5.15 for a barrel of flour, and sold it for $6.25. How much did he gain? Writing the numbers, the less under the greater, and taking care to place units under units, tenths under tenths, &c., we commence at the right hand to subtract: 5 hundredths from 5 hundredths leave 0 hundredths; 1 tenth from 2 tenths leave 1 tenth, and 5 units from 6 units leave 1 unit. 5 Minuend. 5.1 5 Subtrahend. 1.1 0 Remainder. 1. Samuel had 248 chestnuts, but he gave 145 of How many had he left? them away. 2. A manufacturer made 5916 yards of calico, and sold 4903 yards. How much had he left? 3. A barrel of flour holds 196 pounds. If 73 pounds have been used from a barrel, how much is left? 4. A man bought a horse for 125 dollars, and sold it for 105 dollars. How much did he lose? 5. A cargo of fruit cost $598.37, but it was so damaged by a storm that the owner lost $230.34 by the sale of it. For how much did he sell it? 6. A man starting on a journey of 189 miles, went 95 miles the first day, and the remainder the next. How far did he go on the second day? EXAMPLE FOR THE BOARD. Subtract 187.81 from 329.32. ∞ Hundreds. Units. ∞ Tens. Hundredths. 1 8 7.8 1 Subtracting in the usual way, we cannot take 8 tenths from 3 tenths. In Section VIII of Mental Arithmetic, we have already found, that if 10 be added to two numbers their difference will be the same. This is equally true whether we add ten units, ten tenths, or ten of any denomination. If we then add 10 tenths to the 3, and its equivalent, 1 unit, to the next figure we subtract, the difference will be the same. Then, whenever any figure of the minuend is smaller than the figure below it in the subtrahend, we may add 10 to the upper figure, and carry 1 to the next figure we subtract. Proceeding in this way, we say, 8 tenths from 13 tenths leave 5 tenths; 8 units from 9 units leave 1 unit; 8 tens from 12 tens leave 4 tens, and 2 hundreds from 3 hundreds leave 1 hundred. 1 4 1.5 1 Teach the pupil to prove his work, by adding the subtrahend and remainder. 7. The annual salary of a clerk was $516.29; his expenses were $303.97. How much did he save! |