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tional term of such license, and shall notify the applicant of such renewal. And in all cases where the issue is the suspension or revocation of such licenses, whether before the local boards of inspectors [of steam vessels] as pro vided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty of the Revised Statutes, or before the supervising inspector as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty-two of the Revised Statutes, the accused shall be allowed to appear by counsel and to testify in his own behalf.

63. Service during war.

No master, mate, pilot, or engineer of steam vessels licensed under title fifty-two [R. S. 4399-4500] of the Re. vised Statutes shall be liable to draft in time of war, except for the performance of duties such as required by his license; and, while performing such duties in the service of the United States, every such master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be entitled to the highest rate of wages paid in the merchant marine of the United States for similar services; and, if killed or wounded while performing such duties under the United States, they, or their heirs, or their legal representatives shall be entitled to all the privileges accorded to soldiers and sailors serving in the Army and Navy, under the pension laws of the United States.

64. Naturalization of engineer or pilot.

Any alien who, in the manner provided for by law, has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, and who shall have been a permanent resident of the United States for at least six months immediately prior to the granting of such license, may be licensed, as if already naturalized, to serve as an engineer or pilot upon any steam-vessel subject to inspection under the provisions of [R. S., 4399-4500] the act, entitled "An act to provide for the better security of life on board of vessels propelled, in whole or in part, by steam, and for other purposes, approved February twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy one.

65. Officer's license.

The boards of local inspectors [of steam vessels] shall license and classify the masters, chief mates, and second and third mates, if in charge of a watch, engineers, and pilots of all steam vessels, and the masters and chief mates of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons and all other vessels and barges of over one hundred tons burden carrying passengers for hire. It shall be unlawful to employ any person, or for any person to serve, as a master, chief mate, engineer, or pilot of any steamer, or as master or chief mate of any sail vessel of over seven hundred tons who is not licensed by the inspectors; and anyone violating this section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars for each offense.

May 28, 1896.

Sec. 2.

R. S., 4131.
Apr. 17, 1874.
May 28, 1896.

R. S. 4438.

Dec. 21, 1898.

R. S. 4446.

R. S. 4439.
Dec. 21, 1898.
Sec. 2.

R. S. 4440.

Dec. 21, 1898.
Sec. 3.

R. S., 4441.

Every master, mate, engineer, and pilot who shall receive a license shall, when employed upon any vessel, place his certificate of license, which shall be framed under glass, in some conspicuous place in such vessel, where it can be seen by passengers and others at all times; and for every neglect to comply with this provision by any such master, mate, engineer, or pilot, he shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars, or to the revocation of his license.

66. Master's license.

Whenever any person applies to be licensed as master of any steam vessel, or of a sail vessel of over seven hundred tons, the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character, and shall carefully examine the applicant as well as the proofs which he presents in support of his claim, and if they are satisfied that his capacity, experience, habits of life, and character are such as warrant the belief that he can safely be intrusted with the duties and responsibilities of the station for which he makes application, they shall grant him a license authorizing him to discharge such duties on any such vessel for the term of five years; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct, intemperate habits, incapacity, inattention to his duties, or the willful violation of any provision of this title [R. S., 4399-4500] applicable to him.

67. Mate's license.

Whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons, or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, who shall have charge of a watch, or whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as mate of river steamers, the inspectors shall require satisfactory evidence of the knowledge, experience, and skill of the applicant in lading cargo and in handling and stowage of freight, and if for license as chief mate on ocean or coastwise steamers, or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons, or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steamers, who shall have charge of a watch, shall also examine him as to his knowledge and ability in navigation and managing such vessels and all other duties pertaining to his station, and if satisfied of his qualifications and good character they shall grant him a license authorizing him to perform such duties for the term of five years upon the waters upon which he is found qualified to act; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct, intemperate habits, unskillfulness, or want of knowledge of the duties of his station or the willful violation of any provision of this title [R. S. 4399–4500].

68. Engineer's license.

Whenever any person applies for authority to perform the duties of engineer of any steam-vessel, the inspectors

shall examine the applicant as to his knowledge of steammachinery, and his experience as an engineer, and also the proofs which he produces in support of his claim; and if, upon full consideration, they are satisfied that his character, habits of life, knowledge, and experience in the duties of an engineer are all such as to authorize the belief that he is a suitable and safe person to be intrusted with the powers and duties of such a station, they shall grant him a license, authorizing him to be employed in such duties for the term of five years, in which they shall assign him to the appropri- May 28, 1896. ate class of engineers; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of negligence, unskillfulness, intemperance, or the willful violation of any provision of this Title R. S., 4399-4500]. Whenever complaint is made against any engineer holding a license authorizing him to take charge of the boilers and machinery of any steamer, that he has, through negligence or want of skill, permitted the boilers in his charge to burn or otherwise become in bad condition, or that he has not kept his engine and machinery in good working order, it shall be the duty of the inspectors, upon satisfactory proof of such negligence or want of skill, to revoke the license of such engi neer and assign him to a lower grade or class of engineers, if they find him fitted therefor.

69. Pilot's license.

Whenever any person claiming to be a skillful pilot of R. S., 4442. steam-vessels offers himself for a license, the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character and merits, and if satisfied, from personal examination of the applicant, with the proof that he offers that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill, and is trustworthy and faithful, they shall grant him a license for the term of five May 28, 1896. years to pilot any such vessel within the limits prescribed in the license; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory evidence of negligence, unskillfulness, inattention to the duties of his station, or intemperance, or the willful violation of any provision of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500].

70. Master or mate acting as pilot.

Where the master or mate is also pilot of the vessel, he R. S., 4443. shall not be required to hold two licenses to perform such duties, but the license issued shall state on its face that he is authorized to act in such double capacity.

71. Oath of officer.

Every master, chief mate, engineer, and pilot, who receives a license, shall, before entering upon his duties, make oath before one of the inspectors herein provided for, to be recorded with the certificate, that he will faithfully and honestly, according to his best skill and judgment, without concealment or reservation, perform all the duties required of him by law.

R. S., 4445.

R. S., 4250.

72. Removal of master.

Any person or body corporate having more than one half ownership of any vessel shall have the power to remove a master, who is also part owner of such vessel, as such majority owners have to remove a master not an owner. This section shall not apply where there is a valid written agreement subsisting, by virtue of which such master would be entitled to possession, nor in any case where a master has possession as part owner, obtained before the ninth day of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-two.

PART V.-MERCHANT SEAMEN.

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93. Vessels exempt from libel for wages.
94. Advances and allotments of wages.
95. Wages and clothing exempt from
attachment.

96. Desertion of seamen abroad.
97. Desertion of foreign seamen in the
United States.

98. Arbitration before shipping com-
missioner.

99. Soliciting lodgers.

100. Return of seamen from foreign ports
and Alaska.

101. Effects of deceased seamen.
102. Offenses and punishments.
103. Corporal punishment prohibited.
104. Procedure.

105. Form of articles of agreement.
106. Account of apprentices.

107. Scale of provisions.

108. Certificate of discharge.

109. Sick and disabled seamen.

110. Jurisdiction over American seamen in foreign ports and foreign seamen in American ports.

111. Seamen's witness fees.

sea.

In the construction of this Title [R. S., 4501-4613], every person having the command of any vessel belonging to any citizen of the United States shall be deemed to be the "master" thereof; and every person (apprentices excepted) who shall be employed or engaged to serve in any capacity on board the same shall be deemed and taken to be a 66 man;" and the term "vessel" shall be understood to comprehend every description of vessel navigating on any sea or channel, lake or river, to which the provisions of this Title may be applicable, and the term "owner" shall be taken and understood to comprehend all the several persons, if more than one, to whom the vessel shall belong.

74. Naturalization and citizenship of seamen.

R. S., 4612.

Every seaman, being a foreigner, who declares his inten- R. S., 2174. tion of becoming a citizen of the United States in any competent court, and shall have served three years on board of a merchant vessel of the United States subsequent to the date of such declaration, may, on his application to any competent court, and the production of his certificate of discharge and good conduct during that time, together

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