Vincennes, and on the redoubts in the park of Bercy. A caponnier of 800 toises joined the barrier of Trone to the redoubt of l'Etoile. This caponnier was already constructed; the platform was raised, and had a good wall on each side. These works were completed, and six hundred pieces of cannon planted on them by the first of June. General Haxo had traced the works for the left bank of the Seine from opposite Bercy to the barrier beyond the military academy. Fifteen days were required to finish them. The lines of fortification on both shores, communicated by following the right bank of the Seine along St. Cloud, Neuilly, and St. Denis. The city being thus defended, a fort was to be constructed enclosing the triumphal arch of Etoile; its right supported by the batteries of Montmartre, its left by the works constructed on the heights of the barrier of Passy, crossing their fire with the works established on the side of the military academy, on the other shore. In fine, three forts intrenching the fronts of Belleville, were situated on the extreme ridge of Paris; so that the troops might there rally, and prevent the enemy, after having forced the lines, from opening on Paris in that direction. In a system of permanent fortifications for

this city, all the low parts ought to be inundated; and the communications with the fortified entrance to the bridge of Charenton and of Neuilly should be occupied by small posts. That is to say, the heights of Calvaire, in order that the army might manœuvre on both shores of the Marne, and Seine. The parks of artillery for the right shore were separated from those of the left. Sixes, twelves, and eighteens, were selected for the left bank; and fours, eights, sixteens, and twenty-fours, for the right. prevent confusion in the calibres.

This was done to

General officers,

Colonels, and a great number of artillery officers, were particularly detailed to the direction of this service. There were two battalions of marine cannoniers from the Atlantic coast, in number 1,600 men ; fourteen companies of artillery of the line, making 1,500 men, and twenty companies of the artillery of the national guard; of volunteers from the Academy of Charenton, from the Polytechnic School, and from the Lyceum; in all from 5 to 6,000 experienced gunners, competent to manage a thousand pieces of cannon. Four hundred pieces of iron twenty-fours, eighteens, twelves, and sixes, had arrived from Havre, out of the marine arsenals. They were placed

in battery. Six hundred brass field pieces were also destined for this service. Twenty batteries, with field equipments, forming four reserves of five batteries each, were so placed as to be readily transported to any part of the line, either to the intrenchments of Belleville, or to the shores of the Seine, as either might be menaced. Independent of these 6,000 cannonniers, 55,000 men were sufficient to guard the enclosure; and Paris offered a certain resource for more than 100,000 men, without weakening the army of the line.

VI. The General of Division of Engineers, Lery, conducted the works at Lyons. This city, situated at the confluence of the Soane and Rhone, is strong by nature. He threw up works on the left bank of the Rhone to cover the bridge of Morand. The bridge of Guillotiere he protected by a tambour, and constructed a drawbridge on the middle arch. The suburb of Guillotiere is without the defences of the town, but its inhabitants were patriotic and courageous. The engineer determined to protect it by a line of redoubts, which would admit of defending it a long time. The old inclosure on the right bank of

the Soane, led along the summit of the hills and Pierre-encise. It was completed, as also that between the Soane and Rhone. The proper place to attack Lyons is on these fronts, between the two rivers. The engineer threw up, in advance, three field works, which were flanked by the inclosure, and by one another. A hundred and fifty pieces of marine artillery, from Toulon, and a hundred and fifty brass field pieces were placed in battery. By the twenty-fifth of June all these works were thrown up, palisadoed and armed. A battalion of marine cannoniers 600 men strong, nine companies of artillery of the line, making 1,000 men, and 900 cannoniers drafted from the national guards, the school of agriculture, and the Lyceum, completed the number of 2,500; this was more than sufficient for the service of the artillery. A large staff of artillery was attached to the place. Large stores of provisions were formed there. From 15 to 20,000 men were sufficient to defend Lyons. 30,000 men were to be calculated on, without weakening the line of the army.

CHAPTER III.

PLAN OF CAMPAIGN.

I. Could the French army commence hostilities on the first of April ?-II. The three plans of campaign-first project: to remain on the defensive, and wait for the armies of the enemy at Paris and Lyons.-III. Second project: commence offensive operations on the fifteenth of June, and invade Belgium.-IV. Third project: to begin offensive operations on the fifteenth of June, and in case of not succeeding, to draw the enemy under Paris and Lyons.-This plan the Emperor adopts.

I. THE Emperor, on the night of his arrival at Paris, commanded General Excelmans, to pursue, at the head of 3,000 cavalry, the military household of the King, and either to take, disperse, or promptly drive them beyond the frontier. But it was composed of such heterogeneous materials that it dispersed of itself. What remained of them were in part surrounded and disarmed at Bethune, the other part pro